查询词典 markers

After analyzing glutinous rice waxy gene sequence reported by previous studies, two pairs of dominant and codominant STS molecular markers based PCR were designed for distinguishing glutinous rice, according to the distinctions between glutinous rice wx gene and nonglutinous rice Wx gene. Moreover, the whole sequences of the two Wx genes of nonglutinous rice reported by others were also aligned, and another two pairs of dominant STS molecular markers were designed to discriminate Wxa from Wxb based on the special site between the two genotypes. Then, corresponding rice genotypes were identified by the established new markers.

通过对前人公布的糯性水稻蜡质基因全序列测定结果的分析，根据糯性水稻与非糯性水稻蜡质基因序列位点的差异，设计了两个基于PCR扩增反应的可特异识别糯性水稻的显性和共显性STS分子标记；同时在前人公布的非糯性水稻蜡质基因的不同类型的全序列比对分析的基础上，选取了两种基因型特定的差异位点，设计了两个基于PCR扩增反应用于特异识别这两种Wx基因的显性STS分子标记，并用新建立的标记对相应的水稻基因型进行了检测。

The results show that there have 4 monomorphism markers and 13 polymorphism markers among 17 selected microsatellite markers.

结果表明：选择使用17个微卫星标记，其中有4个为单态标记，13个为多态标记。

It were found by comprehensive analysis, the precisive diagnosis rates of the markers from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were much higher than that from blood, and the markers from alveolar macrophage were much higher than that from broncholaveolar lavage fluid. The precisive diagnosis rates of fibronectin secreted by alveolar macrophage, and fibronectin secreted by alveolar macrophage inhibited by cort and inhibitory rate were 96. 2%, 92. 3%, and 92. 3%, with the diagnosis markers of higher sensibitity and specificity.

综合分析发现，支气管肺灌洗液中指标的正确诊断率高于外周血，而肺泡巨噬细胞中诊断指标又优于支气管肺灌洗液，其中肺泡巨噬细胞产生的纤维结合蛋白、皮质激素抑制肺泡巨噬细胞产生纤维结合蛋白和纤维结合蛋白抑制率均为敏感性和特异性较高的诊断指标，其正确诊断率分别为96.2%、92.3%和92.3%。

The ISSR markers were fitted to a 3:1 ratio of simplex and duplex segregation for the parental alleles, as the sweet potato was expected to be autohexaploid. Fourteen and nine quantitative trait loci linked to specific ISSR markers were detected for traits in (NH×TN27) and (TN27×NH), respectively. Twenty-two of these QTL-mapped markers were unique to the specific traits, and two were linked to two traits in each linkage map. These markers appear to be applicable to crop improvement.

ISSR标识因子符合六倍体亲本对偶基因simplex与duplex的3：1分离比。14与9个与专一性ISSR标识因子连锁之数量性状基因座，分别检测NH×TN27与TN27×NH之性状，其中22个数量性状基因座图绘之标志因子，对於特殊性状而言具有特殊性；每个连锁图谱中，有两个QTL图绘之标志因子与两个性状连锁，这些标志因子应可应用於作物改良。

A common carp gynogenetic line including 44 individuals derived from the cross Barbless carp Hebao-cold tolerance red carp was used to construct a linkage map using 445 markers (265 AFLP markers, 127 SSR markers, 37 EST-SSR markers and 16 RAPD markers).

用265个AFLP标记、127个微卫星分子标记、37个EST-SSR标记和16个RAPD标记对大头鲤/荷包红鲤抗寒品系的F2雌核发育群体44个个体进行基因型检测，构建鲤鱼遗传连锁图谱。

The data byχ~2 were consistent with the separation ratio as 1: 2: 1 χ~2=4.028＜χ_(0.05,2~2=5.99, which further conformed that glandless character was controlled by a incomplete dominance gene, Gl_2~e. 2. SSR markers every about 5cM were selected in the chromosome 12 of our lab genetic linkage map to screen the parent plants. The markers with the polymorphism were used to amplify the DNA of 210 F_2 segregating plants selected randomly and recorded the marker genotypes. After eliminating the segregation distortion markers byχ~2 test, other SSR markers were detected by linkage analysis.

二、参照本实验室海陆种间遗传连锁图谱第12染色体上的SSR标记，平均每5cM左右选择一个标记进行亲本多态性的筛选，筛选出具有多态性的标记位点进一步扩增随机抽取的210个F_2群体单株的DNA，鉴定每个个体的标记基因型。X~2检测剔除偏分离标记后进行连锁分析，发现Gl_2~e基因位于CIR362与NAU5079之间，进一步参考图谱上位于CIR362与NAU5079之间的标记加密图谱，最终将其定位在CIR362和NAU2251b、NAU3860b、STV033之间。

The principles of several DNA Molecular markers and their application on assessment of germplasm genetic diversity, fingerprinting construction, classification of heterotic groups and heterosis prediction for maize were reviewed.

DNA Molecular markers ； DNA分子标记是继形态标记、细胞标记和生化标记之后发展起来的一类重要的遗传标记，已在生命科学领域中广泛应用。

Moreover, the actual allele frequency of most varieties deviates far from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. All PPB、na 、I、h、Gi and Fst have proved to be the references to elucidate that ISSR is a most powerful tool to analyze genetic diversity, compared with the RAPD marker and the allozyme marker is less strong ordinally. We could divided the 70 samples into A, B, C, D and E five groups using three methods according to genetic distance clustering. There is a bit displacement for few varieties in different clustering maps, but the most are similar to morphological analysis despite that there is still a great difference among cultivars in the same one group. The above results imply that the three methods have the different sensitivity and resolution in genetic distance analysis of close varieties. The Mantel test indicates that the results from the three kinds of markers have the significant correlation, which demonstrates that the number of the used three kinds of markers is enough to exactly detect the diversity of all 70 samples to ideal extent. And these methods can be used to evaluate the diversity of the whole group using the miscellaneous samples instead of the individual sample, of the Gerbera jamesonii are mainly from tissue culture plants. In conclusion, the above study results provide a reference for the application of three kinds of molecular markers to molecular marker-assisted breeding of flower. 2. The genetic diversity among the eight introduced cut-flower varieties of Ranunculus asiatica was analyzed by the ISSR markers. Based on the genetic clustering tree, all the colorful flower varieties are clustered into one group, and the white flower varieties into another group. Moreover, among the former group the yellow flower varieties are clustered into one sub-group, and the reddish flower varieties, such as rose color, pink, nacarat, are clusetered into another sub-group.

由三种分子标记的分析结果可以看出，等位基因平均值、观察杂合度、Fis值、Fit值皆较高，表明非洲菊等位基因较丰富，杂合基因偏多，且绝大部份品种的实际等位基因频率在品种内偏离了Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium；PP8、na、Ⅰ、h、Gi及Fst皆表明，ISSR检测遗传多样性的能力最强，其次是RAPD，等位酶最低；根据遗传距离进行聚类，三种方法都把70个品种分成A、B、C、D、E五个大组，每一组中除少数品种发生位移外，大部份品种分类结果相似，且与形态分析结果有相似性，但在每一组中，品种间的聚类差别较大，表明这三种方法在近距离品种间检测遗传变异时灵敏度及分辨力不同；Mantel检测表明，三种标记的分析结果有显著相关性，表明所用的三种分子方法的标记数量已经可以相对无偏地检测到70个品种间遗传变异；非洲菊为组培苗，三种标记的检测结果皆表明，混合样品可以作为个体样品的代表，对整个居群的遗传多样性进行评价；这些研究结果可为三种分子标记方法在花卉分子辅助育种中的进一步应用提供借鉴。

The research progress on Dispyros kaki identification in morphological markers, cytological markers, biochemical markers and molecular markers and the new germplasm creation in cross-breeding, selection of bud mutation were summarised.

从形态学标记、细胞学标记、生化标记和DNA标记4个方面对柿品种的鉴定进行了阐述及评价；从有性杂交育种、芽变选种种质创新方面阐述了柿育种。

We characterize the neoblast population by using antibodies recognizing SMEDWI-1 and Histone H4 (monomethyl-K20) and cell-cycle markers to label subsets of neoblasts and their progeny.

我们通过用识别SMEDWI-1和Histone H4 (monomethyl-K20)的抗体标记未分化细胞团的特征，细胞循环markers标记未分化细胞和它们的后代。

On closer examination, though, this is not a vote for multilateralism but just the opposite.

仔细审视后我们发现，这并非是对多边主义投出的赞成票，而是恰好相反。

Uncovering their weak spots, so I can defeat them.

揭露出他们的弱点，这样我就可以打败他们了。