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It was found that after differentiation the cells expressed the endocrine markers insulin 1, glucagons, somatostatin by RT-PCR, however, these endocrine markers cannot be found in uninduced cells.

通过免疫细胞化学染色可以检测到在ICCs中存在有胰岛素、胰高血糖素、生长抑素和pdx-1阳性的细胞，通过RT-PCR可以在mRNA水平检测到胰岛素、胰高血糖素、生长抑素、pdx-1、ABCG2、葡萄糖转运蛋白等的表达。

Therefore, RAPD markers was used to detect genetic diversity of twenty populations of eighteen species from ten genera in Chinese Unionidae, its phylogeny were studied employing the combined analyses of RAPD markers, rDNA ITS1 sequence analysis and shell morphometrics.

为此，本研究采用RAPD技术对我国10属18种蚌类20个群体的遗传多样性进行了分析，将RAPD标记与rDNAITSl序列分析、贝壳形态度量分析相结合对我国蚌科的系统发育进行了研究。

Cells expressing stem cell markers, including GFAP, and proliferation markers are closely apposed to the laminin-containing extracellular matrix surrounding vascular endothelial cells.

表达干细胞标记物（包括GFAP以及增生标记物）的细胞紧密结合在脉管内皮细胞周围含有层黏连蛋白的细胞外基质上。

The results revealed that the QTL for fiber strength associated with three markers inherited steadily in different backgrounds and segregating generations. The mean difference of fiber strength between individuals of UBC301 and M07 markers were not decreased after several generations of selfing and backcrossing.

高强纤维主效QTL的分子标记辅助选择研究利用7235为亲本的四个不同世代组合的243个单株为材料，用2个RAPD标记UBC301、M07和1个SSR标记BNL1521开展与之连锁的高强纤维主效QTL的遗传稳定性及分子标记辅助选择的效果。

In this work, the semi-dwarfing gene sd-t was mapped between RFLP markers R514 and R1408B with the genetic distance of 1. 1cM to R514, of 4. 5cM to R1408B, by using the F2 population derived from crosses between Aitaiyin-2 and B30 (a null-lingual marker gene series). A connoting spanning between R514 and R1408B was constructed by screening the BAC library constructed from an Indicia variety, IRBB56, with these two markers.

本研究还利用矮泰引—2和无叶舌标志基因系B30杂交产生的包含474个单株的F2群体将籼稻半矮秆基因sd-t定位在第4染色体上RFLP标记R514和R1408B之间，距R514和R1408B的遗传距离分别为1.1cM和4.5cM。

Genetic markers, especially the protein and molecular markers developed in recent years, are playing more and more important role in elucidating the mechanism of sex determination.

遗传标记，尤其是近年来快速发展起来的蛋白质、分子标记等技术，在揭示植物性别分化机理的研究中起着越来越重要的作用。

Breast cancer commonly metastasizes to bones, producing both osteolytic and osteoblastic deposits. Different markers for quantitative determination of bone turnover have been developed to evaluate bone metastases of breast cancer. The urinary deoxypyridionline, a crosslink product of collagen molecules found in bone and excreted in urine during bone degradation, and bone specific alkaline phosphatase, an isoenzyme localized in the membrane of osteoblasts and released in circulation during bone formation, were recently described as a group of markers of bone turnover in metastatic cancer.

乳癌患者常见骨髓转移造成溶骨性及成骨性沈积物，而利用不同标记来定量骨质转换形态，可以评估乳癌骨骼转移的变化，而尿液中Deoxypyridinoline是骨质内胶原分子在骨骼破坏分解时至尿中的产物，骨特殊碱性磷酸酵素是一种同形酵素，位於成骨细胞的外膜且在骨骼形成时释放至血液中，利用此两种生化标记，可以来预测乳癌转移至骨骼的转换情形。

Saucier, G.(1994)."Mini-Markers: A Brief Version of Goldberg's Unipolar Big-Five Markers."

曾庆昌(1999)，台北市政府组织文化与组织效能之探讨；竞争价值的观点。

In this study, the genetic variations of 14 species of Cymbidium were revealed by using RAPD and AFLP markers and the genetic variations of 13 species of Dendrobium were revealed by using AFLP markers.

本文采用RAPD技术和AFLP技术对兰属植物14种材料以及采用AFLP技术对石斛属13种材料进行了遗传多样性检测。

METHODS: The presence and number of recently developed extra-articular manifestations and a weighted EAM score, as well as the levels of serological markers, were compared between 31 patients with RA with histologically proven vasculitis and 50 patients with RA in whom vasculitis could not be documented histologically. The following markers were evaluated: circulating immune complexes, complement components C3 and C4, class-specific rheumatoid factors, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies, antinuclear antibodies, antiendothelial antibodies, circulating intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and -3, circulating vascular cell adhesion molecule and E-selectin, cellular fibronectin, von Willebrand factor antigen, and C reactive protein.

对比组织学上已证实有血管炎的31例 RA 例和组织学上无血管炎的50例 RA 患者间的临床及血清学标记物，这些资料包括最近发生的关节外表现数量、关节外表现加权得分、循环免疫复合物、补体 C3和 C4、类风湿因子（ IgM-RF，IgG-RF，IgA-RF ）、抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体、抗内皮细胞抗体、循环细胞间粘附分子-1和-3、循环血管内皮粘附分子和 E-选择素、细胞纤连蛋白、假性血友病因子抗原（ von Willebrand factor antigen ）及 C-反应蛋白。

Chrysanthemum of 10 thousand birthday is lax to edaphic requirement, with the arenaceous qualitative loam with fecund, good drainage had better.

万寿菊对土壤要求不严，以肥沃。排水良好的砂质壤土为好。

He unstepped the mast and furled the sail and tied it.

他拔下桅杆，把帆卷起，系住。