膀胱

Methods:According to degree of stricture,14 patients were applied grooving incision,inferior semicircular removal and inferior semicircular removal plus grooving incision at 12 point of lithotomy position,respectively.

根据14例膀胱颈部挛缩的情况，分别采用膀胱颈口切沟术，膀胱颈口下半环切除术和膀胱颈口下半环切除加12点切沟术。

Barrington's nucleus that located in the pontine dorsolateral tegmentum is an important site for controlling voiding in the mammalian brain and is often referred to as pontine micturition center. Barrington's nucleus sends direct projection fibers to the sacral parasympathetic nucleus in which parasympathetic preganglionic neurons innervating detrusor muscles of the bladder are distributed. Electron or chemical stimulation of Barrington's nucleus clicits bladder contraction and increases discharges of bladder postganglionic nerve. Conversely, lesion of the nucleus results in a permanent inability to empty the bladder. On the other hand, an area located just ventral to Barrington's nucleu has been reported to send projection fibers to the ventrolateral group of Onuf's nucleus in the caudal lumbar cord segments; the vetrolateral group of Onuf's nucleus is mainly composed of pudendal motor neurons innervating the external urethral sphincter muscle.

Barrington's核发出纤维投射至支配膀胱逼尿肌的骶髓副交感核，毁损该区可导致动物永久性失去排空膀胱的能力；而电刺激或化学刺激该区可引起支配膀胱的节后纤维放电增加和膀胱逼尿肌收缩。D区是紧邻Barrington's核腹侧的一团神经元，它发出纤维投射至腰骶髓Ounf核的腹外侧群，而Ounf核的腹外侧群主要是由支配尿道外括约肌的阴部神经运动神经元组成。

Methods: One hundred and fourteen operations were performed for BPH patients, including transurethral resection/vapor of the prostate, inguinal herniorrhaphy, internal urethrotomy, transurethral resection of bladder tumor or vesical litholapaxy, and the data were reviewed.

对114例合并有腹股沟疝、尿道狭窄、膀胱肿瘤或膀胱结石的BPH患者在行经尿道前列腺电切／汽化术时，同期行腹股沟疝修补术、尿道内切开术、经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术或膀胱取石术。

This is not a fatal disease, however, it may lead to serious complications such as chronic cystitis, urolithiasis, or rectal abscess formation. These foreign bodies were inserted for autoerotic or unknown reasons by patients.

虽然膀胱异物并不会造成患者的死亡，但是却会引起严重并发症如膀胱炎、结石等，甚至有些异物还会由膀胱较弱的地方穿出膀胱至直肠或腹腔内，引起直肠脓肿或急性腹症。

OBJECTIVE: To determine relationships among the potassium stimulation test, and the cystoscopic and cystometric findings, and bladder capacity in patients with symptoms of interstitial cystitis.

研究目的：探讨间质性膀胱炎患者的钾离子刺激试验和膀胱功能、膀胱镜检及麻醉下膀胱最大容量之相关性。

Objective:To approach the available diacrisis and therapeutic tool of cystitis glandularis.

目的：探讨腺性膀胱炎的有效诊断和治疗手段，方法：对120例病例采用膀胱镜及病理检查，并行经尿道膀胱病变汽化电切术，111例辅以膀胱灌注治疗。

Objective To probe into the relationship between the baldder irrigation speed and unstable bladder after suprapubic prostatectomy viablader.

目的 探讨耻骨上经膀胱前列腺切除术后膀胱冲洗速度与不稳定膀胱的关系。方法抽取 90例耻骨上经膀胱前腺切除术后病人，随机分为A ，B ，C三组。

METHODS A new procedure low sigmental-cystectmy which includes resection of the trigone of bladder, prostate, vesicula seminalis, extremity of ureter, was performed in 7 patients (aged 28 to 57 years).

方法根据Walsh前列腺癌根治术加以改进，行膀胱下端包括膀胱三角区及膀胱颈、前列腺、精囊和下端输尿管的下半膀胱切除术。

Results one case with bladder injury and one case with ureteral injury recoveried after open operation,one case with bladder injury and one case with ureteral injury were cured through laparoscopic gynecological surgery,one case with bladder injury and two cases with uroschesis were cured after expectant treatment,one case with ureteral injury recoveried after being treated with ureteroneocystostomy.

结果 1例膀胱损伤及1例输尿管损伤术中转开放术治愈；1例膀胱损伤及1例输尿管损伤经术中镜下缝合伤口治愈；1例膀胱损伤经留置尿管保守治疗治愈；2例尿潴留均经保守治疗治愈；1例输尿管损伤经术后行输尿管膀胱再植术治愈。

"Interstitial cystitis may be a common unrecognized cause of pelvic pain in gynecologic patients and deserves greater, if not primary, consideration in the differential diagnosis of pelvic pain," the authors write."If IC goes unrecognized, the pain may become intractable because of altered pain pathways, or IC may reach advanced stages, when substantial damage to the bladder has occurred."Am J Obstet Gynecol. Reviewed by Gary D. Vogin, MD

间质性膀胱炎可能是造成妇科患者骨盆疼痛的常见原因，却不易被诊断出来，然而若真的罹患这个疾病却未被诊断出来，一旦膀胱发生实质的伤害，那麼将会变得难以治疗，因为造成疼痛的病理机转可能已经改变，或间质性膀胱炎的病情已经恶化，因此采用其他不同方法来协助间质性膀胱炎的诊断是很重要的。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。