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Currently, neither cloning S and Z gene nor identifying their products was successful. Phalaris coerulescens can be used as a model plant to study SI in the Poaceae. Segregating population and comparative genomics strategy were used to map S and Z, constructing high-resolution mapping of the target loci so that map base clone S and Z genes. It is a research orientation and hot spot of self-incompatibility in Poaceae.

目前S、Z基因的克隆和编码产物的鉴定均未有成功的报道，天蓝虉草可作为禾本自交不亲和性研究的一个模式作物，运用分离群体和比较基因组学方法构建S与Z位点的精细连锁图谱，以对自交不亲和基因进行图位克隆，是当前禾本科植物自交不亲和性研究的一个方向和热点。

Pitaya ; Cactus virus X ; infectious cDNA clone

中文关键字红龙果；仙人掌病毒X ；感染性选殖株

Popular clones in California include: 777, 667, 115, 114, Pommard (Davis clone 5), Dijon, and Martini.

热门无性加州包括：777、667、115、114、pommard(戴维斯克隆5)、第戎、而努。

The paper presents a systematic study on the fine clone biomass of the five se-lected populus.

对入选的5个毛白杨优良无性系的生物量进行了系统研究。

Populus Shenzhou chosen and bred in recent years is chimera poplar superior clone, divided into type A, B and C. Type B served as progenitive material after cutting differentiated into type A similar to Populus tomentosa and type C similar to Populus dakuanensis.

深州杨为近年选育出的嵌合体杨树优良无性系，分为A型、B型和C型。B型作为繁殖材料扦插后可以分化为类似于毛白杨的A型植株和类似于大官杨的C型。

Methods A strain of Propionibacterium acnes from rumen fluid of health cow with permanent rumen fistula under sterile condition was isolated by segregation procedure of anaerobic bacterium and specific medium SLB, and identified by extraction of the genome DNA of isolation bacterium, clone of the 16S rRNA gene, and sequencing of the strain.

无菌采取装有瘤胃瘘奶牛的瘤胃液，按照厌氧菌分离步骤，通过丙酸生成菌株的特异性培养基SLB进行筛选，提取分离菌的基因组DNA，克隆其16S rRNA基因，进行序列测定，分离出一株痤疮丙酸杆菌。

The protozoa were isolated from field animal blood, vectors, pathogenic tissue and secretions. Based on differences of the pathogen morphology, vector species, experimental infected animals, single parasite clone and parasitic tissues, protozoiasis pathogens from different areas and animals in China were isolated and the vectors and transmission mode were also determined by vector transmission trial. Sequence analysis of 18S rRNA gene was used to study the phylogeny of partial isolated protozoa.

自野外采集动物血液、传播媒介、相关组织、排泄物等，根据对病原形态鉴定、传播媒介鉴定、实验性感染易感动物、单一虫株克隆、不同致病部位等方法，对我国不同地区、不同家畜的原虫病病原进行分离，并通过媒介传播试验确定传播媒介的种类与传播方式；采用18S rRNA基因测序方法，对本实验室已分离的部分原虫进行进化关系研究。

We microinjected one of the double positive ES cell clone into the mouse blastocysts (3.5days), cultured for 4-5 hours, then implanted the blastocysts in the uteri of the pseudopregnant mice.

选择其中的一个多能胚胎干细胞显微注射到孕3.5天的小鼠囊胚内，培养4-5小时后，将囊胚移植入假孕小鼠的子宫中。

Psychrophilic and psychro-tolerant bacteria were cultured and used for screening the cold-active enzymes. Some characteristics of cold-active protease and chitinase were analyzed then. Microbial 16S rDNA clone libraries of deep sea sediments were constructed and studied by PCR-RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) and phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA sequences.

通过构建沉积物中微生物16S rDNA克隆文库，采用PCR-RFLP分析、DNA-DNA杂交、16S rDNA序列测定以及系统发育分析的方法，研究了西太平洋&暖池&区和东太平洋&结核&区两个不同海区深海沉积物中的微生物多样性和群落结构特征及其与环境的相互关系，得到了一些与&暖池&区环境特点紧密相关的新发现，新认识。

Psychrophilic and psychro-tolerant bacteria were cultured and used for screening the cold-active enzymes. Some characteristics of cold-active protease and chitinase were analyzed then.Microbial 16S rDNA clone libraries of deep sea sediments were constructed and studied by PCR-RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) and phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA sequences.

通过构建沉积物中微生物16S rDNA克隆文库，采用PCR-RFLP分析、DNA-DNA杂交、16S rDNA序列测定以及系统发育分析的方法，研究了两太平洋&暖池&区和东太平洋&结核&区两个不同海区深海沉积物中的微生物多样性和群落结构特征及其与环境的相互关系，得到了一些与&暖池&区环境特点紧密相关的新发现，新认识。

It has to be computed by the host for the actual clock rate.

主控制器可以用来计算实际的时钟速率。

Let's see what you got.

让我看看你的东西