硬膜

To valuate efficacy and the incidence of complication and homodynamic changes in the combined spinal-epidural anesthesia and continuous epidural anesthesia in complete hysterectomy.

目的 比较联合腰麻硬膜外麻醉与单纯硬膜外麻醉在妇科全子宫切除术中的麻醉效果，并发症发生率和血流动力学的影响。

Methods Sixty patients underging hypogastric operation were divided randomly into the control group by 0.75%ropivacaine hydrochloride CEA and the experiment group by 0.894%ropivacaine mesylate CEA.

方法60例下腹部手术患者随机分为两组(n=30)：对照组应用0.75%盐酸罗哌卡因持续硬膜外麻醉；试验组应用0.894%甲磺酸罗哌卡因持续硬膜外麻醉。

Methods: The microstructure of the cavernous sinus of 10 adult cadaveric heads were observed under microscope through lateral extradural approach,lateral intradural approach and superior approach.

10例成人头颅标本，采用经额颞眶-颧弓开颅，在显微镜下对海绵窦的侧方硬膜外，侧方硬膜下，及上方入路进行解剖学观察。

It was achieved by intradural microanastomosis of the L6 ventral root to S2 ventral root. After axonal regeneration, the "patellar ligament-spinal cord center-bladder" reflex pathway was reestablished. The function of the reflex arc was observed by nerve electrophysiological experiment, detrusor electromyography experiment, urodynamic testing and HRP retrograde tracing before and in 8 months after the spinal cord was destroyed horizontally between S1 and S4 level. There was one case of conical SCI patient who had L1 fracture and paraplegia was received intradural microanastomosis of the L6 ventral root to S2 ventral root after Li fracture and paraplegia.

将Beagle犬L6前根近端与S2前根远端在硬膜内显微吻合，经一段时间的轴突再生后，建立&膝腱－脊髓中枢－膀胱&人工反射弧，术后8个月，在破坏S1~S4脊髓节段前后分别进行神经电生理、膀胱肌电图及尿流动力学和辣根过氧化物酶逆行示踪等检查；对1例L1压缩性骨折伴截瘫患者行右侧T11与52前根经腓肠神经移植硬膜内吻合术。

Results: MRI features of symptomatic spinal epidural lipomatosis show:(1)Plethora of fat deposits atthe backside of epidura mater,(2)The subsided fat is in shapes of continuous diamond cord,(3)Backside of dural cyst depressed,(4)Spinal cord depressed.

结果：特发性椎管内硬膜外脂肪增多症的MRI表现有以下特征：①椎管内背侧硬膜外过多的脂肪沉积。②沉积的脂肪呈连续的棱带状。

Methods Eighty ASA physical status Ⅰand Ⅱpatients 18~65 years of age, scheduled for URL, were randomized into group CSEA(n=40) and group EA (n=40).Pinprick method was employed to determine anesthesia level, and local anesthetic dosage, onset time, time to attain optimal anesthesia level and anesthesia effect were recorded. Hypotension, shiver, postoperative headache and lumbodorsal pain were observed.

选择ASAⅠⅡ级、年龄18岁～65岁拟行尿道输尿管镜下碎石术的患者80例，随机分为腰麻—硬膜外联合麻醉和硬膜外麻醉两组；每组40例，采用针刺法测定麻醉平面，观察两组病例用药量、起效时间，上升到各个麻醉平面上界的时间及麻醉效果；术中患者出现低血压、寒战、术后头痛、腰背痛发生率。

The paramedian as opposed to midlineneedle approach and smaller epidural needle or catheter gaugesdo not reduce the risk of epidural vein cannulation.

以下两种策略未能降低误置入硬膜外静脉的风险：旁正中进针穿刺法相比中线进针法和采用较小号硬膜外穿刺针或导管。

Results CT findings of six cases are: cerebral hemorrhage were 2 cases ,subdural pneumatosis 6 cases, subdural hemorrhage 3 cases, cerebral edema 2 cases.

结果 6例病人CT表现为血肿再发2例，硬膜下积气6例，硬膜下出血3例，脑水肿2例。

The metabolic and endocrine sequelae of intrafacetal depot steroids have not been studied, but extrapolating from epidural steroid injections, one would expect suppression of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis lasting up to 4 weeks depending on the depot steroid used, and impaired insulin sensitivity manifesting as elevated glucose levels for less than a week.251,252 Although rare, a host of infections have been reported after intraarticular injections including septic arthritis, epidural abscess, and meningitis.253–255 Case reports of spinal anesthesia and postdural puncture headache have also been published.256,257

小关节间隙类固醇滞留所产生的代谢和内分泌作用也未见研究，但是从硬膜外类固醇注射可以推知，依据使用量的不同，其抑制下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴的时间可以持续4周。很多报道显示关节内注射后可以发生感染，但发生率较少，包括脓毒性关节炎，硬膜外脓肿及脑膜炎。也可见关于脊髓麻痹及穿刺后疼痛的报道。

objective to explore some ct characteristics and risk factors for traumatic chronic bilateral subdural hematoma.methods a total of 52 patients with chronic subdural hematoma were reviewed.some ct characteristics of bcsdh were studied first.then,the risk factors for bcsdh were determined by logistic regression model from the following variates: age,gender,prediagnostic duration,site for injury force,coma experience and ct showing after injury.results bcsdh was observed in 44.2% of 52 patients with csdh.

作者单位：第三军医大学大坪医院野战外科研究所神经外科，重庆 400042 目的探讨创伤性双侧慢性硬膜下血肿的ct特征及危险因素。方法回顾有随访资料的创伤性慢性硬膜下血肿52例。先研究其ct表现，然后采用多因素logistic回归分析从以下变量中，如年龄、性别、伤后&潜伏&时间、受伤着力部位、受伤时有无昏迷经过、伤时ct表现等确定bcsdh发生的影响因素。

He and Nina moved to California and lived at 2005 Ivar Street, Apt.

他和Nina搬到加州，并在2005年伊瓦尔街，公寓生活。

Droperidol （ potently inhibits transfected HERGchannels and this is the probable mechanism for QT prolongation.

氟哌利多有效地抑制了转染的 HERG 钾通道，可能是 QT 间期延长的机制。