硬膜

Since pain generators are located anteriorly in the epiduralspace, ventral epidural spread is the logical target for placementof antiinflammatory medications.

因为疼痛的起源位于硬膜外间隙的前面，在硬膜外间隙中向腹侧弥散是抗炎药物布局的合理目标。

Results onset time of CSEA is much shorter than epidural anesthesia' s. VAS scores, degree of motor block and muscle relaxation effect of CSEA is superior to epidural anesthesia' s.

结果 CSEA起效时间显著短于硬膜外阻滞，术中VAS评分、下肢运动阻滞、肌松效果显著优于硬膜外组。

Methods 50 cases were divided randomly into a CSEA group and a continuous epidural anesthesia group, with 25 cases in each. Then their BP, SpO2, ECG, HR, the time of block analgesia, muscle relaxation, neonatal Apgar score, and side effect were observed and recorded.

对50例需急诊剖宫产无妊娠合并症的产妇随机分组施行腰麻－硬膜外联合麻醉和硬膜外麻，每组25例，监测并记录BP、SpO2、EKG、HR，麻醉起效时间，麻醉阻滞效果，脊神经阻滞上界平面时间，新生儿Apgar评分及不良反应。

The combination of chitosan and titanium net could effectively inhibit proliferation of cicatricle surrounding dura meter.

结果：对照组瘢痕日趋明显；钛网组可减轻硬膜周围的瘢痕包裹，有效的隔绝周围瘢痕组织与硬脊膜；几丁糖组有明确的抗瘢痕粘连、抑制炎症反应的作用；几丁糖+钛网组能有效抑制硬膜周围瘢痕的增生。

Methods 75 patients who are operated in coxa are divided into 3 groups: CEA group, CSEA group, OCSEA group.

方法选择75例拟行髋部手术的高龄病人，随机分成3组，即持续硬膜外麻醉组、腰-硬联合麻醉组和单侧腰麻复合硬膜外麻醉组，每组25例。

The required dose of local anesthetics to get analgesia per dermatome was calculated according to the anesthetics dose and the number of dermatomes blockade.

为此对近十年2050例硬膜外阻滞麻醉资料进行了回顾性分析，进一步探讨在临床中硬膜外穿刺部位对药物扩散的影响。

Methods We adopted four methods that single cpidural block anesthesia or narcotics analgesies were injected into subarachnoid space and epidural space or single narcotics was injected into subarachnoid space (group C fentanly 25μg;group D fentanly 20μg) to study analgesia birth for 130 nullipara women. The analgesia efficacy, side effect, birth time md mode,postpartum haemorrhage and the condition of the fetus and the newborn were compared.

采用单纯硬膜外腔阻滞、蛛网膜下腔-硬膜外腔联合给予低浓度麻醉药及镇痛药、单纯蛛网膜下腔给予低浓度镇痛药(C组芬太尼25μg，D组芬太尼20μg)等四种不同的方法对130例初产妇进行分娩镇痛，比较几组的镇痛效果、不良反应及对产程、分娩方式、产后出血、胎儿及新生儿等的影响，并与40例正常未干预组产妇比较。

Methods Forty-five patients with hysteromyoma undergone hysteromyomectomy were randomly assigned to three groups (n=15,each group): group Ⅰ, control group without pre-emptive analgesia; group Ⅱ, the patients were administrated with 0.2 mg·kg-1 ketamine intravenously 30 min before operation; group Ⅲ, 30 mg ketamine was administrated into epidural analgesia 30 min before operation.

45例子宫肌瘤患者均于硬膜外麻醉行全子宫切除术，随机分为3组，即Ⅰ组：对照组，术前不施行超前镇痛；Ⅱ组：切皮前30 min静脉注入氯胺酮0.2 mg·kg-1；Ⅲ组：切皮前30 min将氯胺酮30 mg加入实验剂量(2%利多卡因4或5 mL)中注入硬膜外腔。3组术后均连接Graseby9300镇痛泵行患者自控硬腺外镇痛，镇痛药物为0.2%罗哌卡因加50 mg·L-1吗啡。

Then the muscle pack was placed intradural, and the gelfoam soaked with ZT mucilage was tamponed intra-and extra-dural to support the packing.

结果显微镜下凿开鞍底充分暴露硬膜漏口，向硬膜漏口内填塞肌肉块，无脑脊液流出后，用渍ZT胶的明胶海绵填塞于硬膜漏口的内、外侧和蝶窦腔。

Results: The male patients appeared more than females in spinal cord AVMs, but the occult intramedullary AVMs had the same morbidity The patients with intramedullary AVMs and perimdeullary AVF were younger, in contrast, patients with dural AVF were usually older than 40 years of age. The intra - medullary AVMs were most common located in the cervical and thracic - lumbar spinal cord, the perimedullary AVF and dural AVF were most seen in the low thracic of lumbar region. The most common initial symptom associated with intramedullary lesions was accute onset where as the progressive aggravation was the most common presenting symptom in cases of dural AVF. The prognosis of the patients with intramedullary lesions had hemorrhage was worse than who without hemorrhage.

结果：脊髓AVM s中，隐匿型AVMs无明显的性别差异，余各类型男性均多于女性；髓内AVMs、髓周AVF以青少年多见，硬膜型AVF发生于中老年；髓内AVMs多见于颈髓及胸腰段脊髓，髓周AVF及硬膜型AVF多见于胸腰段；髓内AVMs以急性起病多见，髓周AVF表现为进行性加重，少数可急性发作，硬膜型AVF以慢性起病多见；髓内出血者预后较无出血者差。

He and Nina moved to California and lived at 2005 Ivar Street, Apt.

他和Nina搬到加州，并在2005年伊瓦尔街，公寓生活。

Droperidol （ potently inhibits transfected HERGchannels and this is the probable mechanism for QT prolongation.

氟哌利多有效地抑制了转染的 HERG 钾通道，可能是 QT 间期延长的机制。