硬膜

The CT and MR of cranial extradural empyema can w...

CT和MR可以清楚显示颅内硬膜外积脓的形态学和病理学改变，因此CT和MR是诊断颅内硬膜外积脓最有价值的方法

Methods 80 cases over 76 years old with dated epigastrium surgical operation,were enrolled in this randomized and enlarged control trial,and were divided into 3 groups,A,B and C:A,15 cases enrolled,with continuous epidural block group;B,25 cases enrolled,with combination general anaesthesia of intravenous and inhalation;C,40 patients enrolled,with low-dose and low-concentration epidural anesthesia com...

方法采用随机加大对照方法，选择80例76岁以上择期手术患者分为3组：A组15例为连续硬膜外阻滞麻醉组；B组25例为静吸复合全身麻醉组；C组40例为小剂量低浓度硬膜外阻滞复合静吸全身麻醉组。

The radiologic signs of dural ossification as depicted in the bone windows of CT were of 2 types:(1) the tram track sign, where there was a hyperdense bony excrescence with a hypodense center and (2) the comma sign, where there was evidence of ossification of one-half of the circumference of the duramater.

硬膜骨化的影像学征象在CT骨窗描述为2种类型：(1)轨道征，即两侧有高密度骨赘形成伴中央低密度区；(2)逗点征，即硬膜周围有一半骨化的证据。

Hemorrhage may also be isolated to the cyst or be associated with subdural and, rarely, extradural hematoma.

出血可以是孤立性的囊内出血或伴随硬膜下血肿，极少数情况下伴随硬膜外血肿。

For the safety and efficacy, the puncture needle should be used very carefully or forbidden, except for the chronic subdural or extradural hematoma.

为了安全和疗效，建议粉碎针除在慢性硬膜下血肿和硬膜外血肿应用外，脑内血肿慎用或禁用。

We describethe efficacy and adverse events associated with a modified epiduralneedle versus a conventional Tuohy needle for CSE. One-hundredparturients requesting labor analgesia were randomizedinto 2 groups: 50—ES 18-gauge modified epidural needlewith 27-gauge Pencan atraumatic spinal needle, 50—conventional18-gauge Tuohy needle with 27-gauge Gertie Marx atraumatic spinalneedle.

我们比较了改良的硬膜外针和传统的 Tuohy 针用於 CSE 的效果和不良事件。100名临产要求行无痛分娩的产妇随机分为2组：50名用 ES 18号改良硬膜外穿刺针复合27号 Pencan 防损伤腰麻针，50名用传统的18号 Tuohy 针复合27号 Gertie Marx 防损伤腰麻针。

The thicknesses of the left and right ligamentum flavums were less under flexion than under extension.

增加狭窄腰椎管的硬膜囊矢状径，②使凸入椎管内的肥厚黄韧带拉长受薄，减轻对硬膜囊和神经根的压迫，③增大椎间盘后缘高度。

In 4 cases with intradural lipoma, subdural lesion with high signal on T1WI and T2WI.

硬膜下脂肪瘤4例，硬膜下病变在T1WI及T2WI上呈高信号。

Effects of anesthesia on postoperative micturition and urinary retention.

硬膜外预注新斯的明对硬膜外麻醉后胃肠道激素和功能的影响。

objective to discuss perioperative complication and management of patient with high risk copd following esophagectomy.methods 45 patients with high risk copd underwent esophagectomy with epidural block combined with general anesthesia.perioperative treatment included smoking cessation,chest physiotherapy,prevention and control of infection of air way and appropriate bronchodilators of air way,breathing exercises,nutrition support and oxygen therapy.painkiller was instilled after surgery,early exercises,ensuring unobstruction of the air way,mechanical ventilation was applied when needed.results 3 had hypoxaemia in operation.after surgery,all patients had spo2 somewhat declined.6 had lung infection.6 were removed of bronchial secretion by bronchoscope.2 were supported by ventilator by using intubation.2 underwent tracheotomy.1 had disturbances of acid base balance and treated by using hydrochloric acid muriatic acid.all patients recovered rather smoothly and discharged from hospital.conclusion high risk copd is not the absolute contraindication of esophagectomy.active management before and after surgery ensures the safety and recovery of patients.

目的 探讨重度慢性阻塞性肺疾病简称慢阻肺病人食管切除术围手术期常见并发症及其处理。方法 45例重度慢阻肺的病人在全麻联合硬膜外阻滞下进行开胸食管切除手术，围手术期处理包括术前戒烟、胸部理疗、预防和控制呼吸道感染、解痉化痰、呼吸功能锻炼、营养支持和氧疗；术后硬膜外镇痛、早期锻炼、保持呼吸道通畅，部分病人予以呼吸支持。结果术中3例出现低氧血症。术后所有病人pao2均有不同程度的下降，6例出现肺部感染，6例行纤维支气管镜吸痰，2例通过气管插管给予呼吸机支持，2例行气管切开术，1例酸碱平衡紊乱使用盐酸精氨酸治疗。所有病人均痊愈出院。结论重度慢阻肺病人并非开胸食管切除手术的绝对禁忌证，积极的术前准备和严格的术后管理可减少和控制术后急性发作，有助于确保此类病人的围手术期安全和康复。

He and Nina moved to California and lived at 2005 Ivar Street, Apt.

他和Nina搬到加州，并在2005年伊瓦尔街，公寓生活。

Droperidol （ potently inhibits transfected HERGchannels and this is the probable mechanism for QT prolongation.

氟哌利多有效地抑制了转染的 HERG 钾通道，可能是 QT 间期延长的机制。