司法

In the judicial sphere,the principle of rule of law decides the priority of formal rationality,that is,in the judicial process,when the substantive rationality of the case decision and the formal rationality of the law itself can both be achieved,the judicator should equally fulfill them;but when the substantive rationality and oral rationality contradicts and excludes each other,the judicator should principally take the formal rationality as priority and exceptionally sacrifice it.

法治原则在司法领域必然意味着形式合理性的优先，即，在司法过程中，当个案处理结果的实质合理性与法律本身的形式合理性可以两全时，司法者应当而且必须兼顾这两种价值，在司法裁判中同时实现个案中的实质合理性与法律的形式合理性；然而，当实质合理性与形式合理性发生不可两全的矛盾而不得不有所牺牲时，司法裁判则应当以优先实现形式合理性为原则，以牺牲形式合理性为例外。

This paper starts with the introduction of the concept and character of justice prejudication, analyzing its importance from different legal point of view, and then under the generally grasp developing trend of international private law, I will discuss the role that justice prejudication would play in the trend.

本文从介绍司法判例的概念和特点入手，分别从不同法系的角度展开分析司法判例的重要性；再则宏观把握国际私法的发展趋势，分析司法判例在这发展趋势中所起到的作用；其次再从我国的角度，简要阐述重视司法判例的必然性；最后立足于我国，分析建立起国际司法判例制度的基础和注意的问题，对于是否应该建立起国际私法判例制度发表一些个人的观点。

At the same time, it's necessarily that restriction should be setted in the process of the media supervision, because that there is repellency between the freedom of press and judicial independence, and differencebetween the run mechanism of media and court.

同时，新闻自由与司法独立一定程度上的排斥性，新闻媒体与司法审判各自运行机制的对立性，过分强调媒体监督对司法公正和司法权威的损害性，决定了对新闻媒体监督司法审判必须进行合理的限制。

Chinese judicial personnel undertakes the hope and the future of a nationality, which is the foundation and precondition to found the harmonious and the legal environment of the socialism. Unjustness of law-officers cause unfair justice directly.

中国司法人员职业化的进程背负着一个民族的希望和未来，是构建社会主义社会和谐法制环境的基础和前提条件，司法官员的不公直接导致司法的不公，中国的司法制度正在进行着一场巨大的变革，在这样一场改革中，找到司法人员职业化进程的途径是迫切需要解决的重要问题。

It is different from the past which treat the incentives of judiciaries as a subsidiary method of judiciaries' management or a subsidiary means of governance.

基于司法公正实质是一种社会信任，该信任来源于司法者的行为、信誉和特定制度，但现实中司法者亦会采取自利的方式行事，司法过程存在高昂代理成本，故决定了对司法者需要施以激励为核心的治理或管理。

Modem judicial system predetermines specific content of law texts and advocates judicial formalism. Legal reasoning becomes a basic approach to applying laws and making judgment; judicature holds a position of authority. It is a basis of judicial legitimacy to abide by rules of judicial procedures.

现代性语境中的司法制度预定法律文本具有确定性内容，崇尚司法形式主义，法律推理成为法官适用法律和作出判决的基本方法，司法具有权威性地位，对司法程序规则的恪守构成司法合法性基础。

There are many serious misleading in how to apply the principle of "fraud exception", whereas, it is necessary to make a legal research on the principle of "fraud exception" in light of former researches. The article consists of two parts. In the first part, the author put emphasis on the principle of abstract independence, the definition, the establishment and development of the principle of fraud exception, the analysis of the fraud, the theory, the prerequisite and the procedure of apply the principle of "fraud exception" in order to establish the general principle and necessary procedure. In the second part, the author analysis the existing backward conditions oflegislation and judicial practice in China, and courts" attitude to the judicial remedy for the principle of " fraud exception", further, the author puts forward some suggestions on how to make the legislation on the principle of "fraud exception" perfect, and how to apply the procedure of judicial remedy for the principle of "fraud exception". Lastly, the author hopes that these suggestions could benefit to the judicial practice and the future legislation on the principle of "fraud exception.

我国在加入世界贸易组织后，按照国际惯例和国际公约处理国际贸易中的纠纷己成为一种必然趋势，鉴于我国法院对如何准确适用信用证欺诈例外原则存在着严重误区，使得在先前学者研究的基础上再一次研究欺诈例外原则很有必要，本文分两个部分，第一部分对信用证独立抽象原则、信用证欺诈例外原则的定义、确立与发展、对例外原则下欺诈的分析、理论基础、适用条件以及程序等六方面展开论述，从而确立信用证欺诈例外原则的一般原则和必要的程序：第二部分主要分析我国司法实践中信用证欺诈例外原则司法救济的立法以及司法现状，及法院对欺诈例外原则的态度，从而对如何完善我国法院欺诈例外原则的法律依据以及如何正确适用欺诈例外原则的司法救济程序提出一些构思，希望为欺诈例外原则在我国的司法实践以及为以后的相应立法提供有益的参考。

From the perspective of judicial modernization, by reviewing the hundred-year devious course of the judicial independence of China in the 20th century, the formation and establishment of the idea of the judicial independence in modern China has been outlined.

以司法现代化为视角，考察 2 0世纪中国司法独立的百年曲折历程，勾勒近现代中国司法独立思想的形成与确立；从清末变法修律这一司法现代化的历史起点，探讨中国司法独立的制度发端及其得失；分析其内在矛盾及其制约因素。

Article 1 In order to standardize the judicial authentication activities of judicial authentication institutions and judicial authenticators, ensure the quality of judicial authentication, and ensure the smooth conduct of litigation activities, these General Rules have been made in accordance with the Decision of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress on the Issues concerning Judicial Authentication Administration and the provisions of relevant laws and administrative regulations.

第一条 为了规范司法鉴定机构和司法鉴定人的司法鉴定活动，保障司法鉴定质量，保障诉讼活动的顺利进行，根据《全国人民代表大会常务委员会关于司法鉴定管理问题的决定》和有关法律、法规的规定，制定本通则。

On the contrary, the author argues that we should conform us to the subsantialistic tendency of Economic Law and establish newfashioned controlled power mode such as amplifying the function of Third Sector enough、establishing and developping independent regulatory agency actively、paying regard to de-coercion of Economic Law.

重点探讨了经济法与司法的关系，认为司法在经济法运行中尽管有其用武之地，但司法作为一种旨在保障形式理性法有效运行的制度设计，其自身的性质和功能决定了司法在经济法运行中无法发挥主导作用，经济法在总体上不可能成为象民商法、行政法等传统法律那样的司法法或裁判法。

If you are unfortunate enough to the lovelorn, please tell me, I will help you out, really, please contact me!

如果你不幸失恋了，请告诉我，我会帮助你摆脱困境，真的，请联系我啦！

China's plan to cut energy intensity by 20 percent and pollutant discharges by 10 percent between 2006 and 2010 is a case in point.

中国计划在2006年到2010间降低20%的能源强度和减少10%的主要污染物排放，就是一个这样的例子。