产业

The concert will include performances from artists like Angelique Kidjo, Lang Lang, the Grammy Award winning pianist, and Sudanese former child soldier turned rapper, Emmanuel Jal.

GDP的测算有三种方法：生产法：GDP＝∑各产业部门的总产出－∑各产业部门的中间消耗：收入法：GDP＝∑各产业部门劳动者报酬＋∑各产业部门固定资产折旧＋∑各产业部门生产税净额＋∑各产业部门营业利润；支出法：GDP＝总消费＋总投资＋净出口

IP strategy is the key reason in promoting regional industrial endogenous innovation and builduping the core competence. It is most pressing to epurate a model of IP strategy system of regional industry theoretically and to present the portfolio of IP strategy of regional industrial innovation in order to promote endogenous innovation of regional industry, and to improve sustainable core competence.

为了促进和推动区域产业自主创新，增强产业可持续核心竞争力，迫切需要从理论上科学凝炼出区域产业知识产权战略系统模型，进而结合区域产业发展的不同阶段和不同产业创新的特点，给出区域产业创新的组合知识产权战略选择。

This paper started with discussion of innovation source, and found the contribution of industrial cluster for technological innovation. In succession, I made a simple depiction of some interrelated theory about industrial cluster technological innovation. Then, I pay more attention about introducing how the industrial cluster played the role of Hatcher, how the relationship between industrial cluster and technological innovation. After studying this, I abstract the model of the enterprises technological innovation in the industrial cluster. I found there were three kinds of model: one is Inner studying model, one is Exterior studying model, and the other is"Indraught- Diffusion- Absorbability"model.

本文开篇以探讨创新源入手，引出了产业集群对技术创新的贡献，接下来在简要的介绍了产业集群的技术创新理论之后，又重点论述了产业集群如何发挥其孵化器的功能、产业集群与技术创新的关联性等方面的问题，引出产业集群中的企业的技术创新模式，主要从集群内部学习型模式、外部学习模式、以及&引进——扩散——吸收&型模式来研究产业集群的创新模式，这些模式各有其优点，并且适用于不同类型的集群企业。

In this article, the procreant and development of the college enterprises and the agricultural college enterprises in our country were discussed.

论文回顾了我国高校校办产业和农业院校校办产业的诞生背景和发展历程，阐述了校办产业在国民经济中的地位和作用，介绍了农业院校校办产业的现状以及面临的主要问题，提出要解决这些问题，就必须进行校办产业管理体制改革，而改革的主要方向就是在校办产业中全面推行建立现代企业制度。

In market aspect,MNEs have rigidity of market crowding out,can possess market rapidly and potentially,build the bulwark of market entering,while it also has absolute advantage of brands. At the same time,they also develop a pattern of value chain of vertical specialization,by which,Chinas enterprises may have a chance to get into MNEs global value chain and acquire market room. In industry aspect,while MNEs control the industry by stock property and the advantage of brands,they provide a chance of industrial transfer and industrial linkages. Chinas enterprises could strengthen industrial linkages and achieve industrial drive by technology innovation and agglomeration effect. In technology aspect,because of the nature of MNEs technology monopoly,Chinas enterprises must face the dilemma of technology dependence,technology unadaptability and technology trap. But MNEs may also transfer technology to Chinas enterprises by competition effect,demonstration effect and cooperation effect. Moreover,Chinas enterprises could make use of MNEs investment of "oligopolistic reaction"in China to accelerate technology transfer.

在市场层面，跨国公司对中国企业具有市场挤出的刚性，市场占有速度快、潜力大，构筑市场进入壁垒，具有绝对品牌优势，但也在中国形成垂直专业化分工的价值链模式，中国企业获得链入跨国公司全球价值链，获取自身市场空间的机会；在产业层面，跨国公司借助股权安排和品牌优势实施产业控制，但也提供了产业梯度转移和产业关联的契机，中国企业可以通过技术创新和聚集效应，增强产业关联，实现产业带动；在技术层面，跨国公司出于技术垄断本性，使中国企业面临技术依赖、技术非适应性甚至技术陷阱的困境，但也通过竞争效应、示范效应、合作效应对中国企业进行技术转移，中国企业还可以利用跨国公司在华&寡占反应&投资，加速技术转移。

From the motivation of the optimizing and upgrading of industrial structure, in the international market structure of uncomplete competition, the developing nations, limited by internal finance, require unequilibrium strategy and promote the development of strategic industry by strategic trade policy and therefore promote industrial structure optimizing and upgrading.

基于上述几个方面的认识和中国产业结构调整和产业组织存在的问题以及基于战略性贸易政策在理论和实践上的重要意义，鉴于中国国内以战略性贸易政策为导向来对中国产业结构战略性调整和产业组织的研究尚欠深入的现状，因此，在经济全球化的大背景下，从战略性贸易政策理论的角度研究中国产业结构调整和产业组织问题就显得非常必要。

And in quantitative analysis, some methods including classical input-output analysis and gray-interaction method are discussed and considered that they themselves cannot make enough interpretation on the swelling effect The paper deeply probes into information industrial hierarchy which defines Information Industrial Intenerating Coefficient and Information Industrial Intelligence Dense Coefficient, divides three stages of information industrial evolution on the base of comparing these two coefficients with"1".

在定量分析中，作者对传统的投入产出法、灰色关联法等方法进行了讨论，认为它们都不能充分解释信息产业对传统产业的巨大影响。论文深入探讨了信息产业的层次结构，提出了信息产业软化系数和信息产业智密化系数，并根据这两个系数与&1&的比较将信息产业的演进按层次结构分为三个阶段。

At first, I developed the principle and restrictive factor to optimize the investment structure of regional industry; Secondly, I applied the Grey Theory to research the relationship between structure of investment and structure of industry, the relationship between structure of industry and economy of region.; Thirdly, Three methods, including AHP, Principal Component Analysis and Relative Potential were exerted to research the order of investment afterward, I developed qualitative analysis to the third industry, and put forward suggest to its progress direction; Fourthly, Using economics and operational researchs thoughtway for reference, I upbuilt the dynamic model of investment portion model.

首先，提出了优化区域产业投资结构的原则和制约因素；其次，运用灰色系统理论对区域的产业结构与整体经济、投资结构与产业结构的关系进行论证分析；第三，建立了区域产业投资结构评价指标体系，并运用AHP法、主成份分析法和相对势法对河北省第一、第二产业投资排序进行了研究，然后，在充分利用现有数据的前提下对第三产业进行了定性的分析，并对第三产业的发展方向提出了建议；第四，借鉴了经济学、管理学、运筹学等一些理论的思想方法，建立了区域产业连续投资分配比例模型；最后，根据河北省情，结合中国进入WTO的过渡期市场环境，提出了一些政策建议，以达到实现河北省产业投资结构优化的目的。

Qingdao Economic and Technological Development Area has formed industrial groups at the core of Shandong Peninsula Manufacturing Base: electric home appliances and electronic industries represented by Hai'er, Hisense and Aucma; petrochemical industry led by the Large Petroleum Refinery Project and represented by Kohap chemical fibre, Lidong chemical industry, SK chemical industry; machinery industries represented by Haixi Bay Ship Building and Repairing Base, Federal Mogul piston, Pohang stainless steel; material industry represented by Alum, Jinjing Glass, Saint-Gobain Glass; international trade storage and logistics industries represented by Maersk logistics, Itochu international logistics and Hanjin shipping.

青岛开发区形成了作为胶东半岛制造业基地核心区的产业集群环境：以海尔、海信、澳柯玛等为代表的家电电子产业集群；以大炼油项目为龙头、高合化纤、丽东化工、 SK 化工等为代表的石化产业集群；以海西湾造修船基地、辉门活塞、浦项不锈钢等为代表的机械产业集群；以美铝、金晶玻璃、圣戈班玻璃等为代表的材料产业集群；以马士基物流、伊藤忠国际物流、韩进海运等为代表的国际贸易仓储物流产业集群。

This paper provides an international comparative survey of trends in banking industry, and seeks to indentify the way of Chinese banking industry upgrade.In this paper, the theory of industrial organization, institutional economics and the theory of financial innovation are used in the overall analysis of the banking industry in China and developed countries, and the stage of industrial development banks in developed countries are divided into beginner, intermediate and advanced stages of development.A comparative indicator of the banking industry model is created.

本文运用产业组织理论、制度经济学及金融创新理论系统整体分析我国和发达国家银行产业，将发达国家银行产业发展阶段划分为初级、中级和高级发展阶段；创建了我国与发达国家银行产业比较指标模型，对我国银行产业进行清晰的定位，并根据市场绩效(经营稳健性、盈利能力、经营效率指标)及在储蓄转化为投资过程中所处的位置，创新的划分我国银行产业内部层次。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。