产业

In incorporation with Jilin province science and technology department item "Study of Industry Technological Advance Systemic Effect and Frame of Jilin Province industry Technology Incidence Establishment", about national interindustry incidence relation ,research is carried out in the paper as follows:On the base of national 1997 years input-output production table ,figures out direct consumption matrix of coefficients and matrices of middle input rate.

本文结合吉林省科学技术厅课题《产业技术进步系统效应及吉林省产业技术关联表编制框架研究》对我国的产业关联关系做了如下研究：在我国1997年投入产出表的数据基础上，计算出直接消耗系数矩阵及中间投入率矩阵，并将图分析法用于产业间关联关系的研究中；在计算完全消耗系数矩阵后，计算出各产业部门的感应度系数和影响力系数，并做了波及效果分析；本文经过对各种测算技术进步方法的比较，首次采用前沿生产函数中的数据包络分析方法分析投入产出模型中的产业间技术关联；机械设备制造业具有较高的物质关联性和技术关联性，同时波及效果显著，把含有高新技术的机械设备制造业作为主导产业发展，可以提高整个工业的技术装备水平。

The author discovers that the industry in China cherishes comparative advantage in fundamental production factors, the demand in information industry is promising in China, but have structural problems both in senior production factors and demand; it have a striking advantage in industrial chain, but the key section of the chain is too weak and industrial integration is far from enough; the patterns of competition among enterprises were outdate although they behaved well in operation strategies, most of them are lack of key capacity ; the governments had made every efforts to support the development of the industry, but the policies didnt work as well as their original targets; the industry may benefit form international industrial transition on condition that we should take measures in creating proper environment for loading those foreign enterprises.

研究发现，我国信息产业在基本生产要素上具有比较优势，而在高等生产要素上存在结构问题；国内外需求前景一片光明，但供给结构不合理；支持性产业方面产业链优势明显，核心环节薄弱，产业融合度不够；企业战略存在优势，但竞争方式依然初级，核心能力不足；政府对信息产业的政策扶持力度大，但存在前瞻性方向问题；国际产业转移为我国发展信息产业提供了前所未有的机遇，但要注重产业对接工作。

The development of different sectors of cultural industry is unbalanced. In order to handle such problems, the government should, on one hand, strengthen the force financing the development of national cultural industry, channel more resources to flow into cultural industry from those oversaturated industries so as to increase the percentage of cultural industry in the GDP.

针对文化产业结构存在的问题，一方面，政府需要加大政策扶持力度，引导资源从产能过剩的产业流向文化产业，提高文化产业在宏观产业结构中的比重；另一方面，要通过有效措施优化文化产业内部结构，促进文化产业的协调发展。

The law of industry correlation, which hides behind the phenomenon of industry correlation, is the specific one of the universal relation law formed in the industrial domain. This law could not be changed or eliminated, but it could be understood through the research of industry correlation phenomenon. The industry correlation theory focuses on understanding and making use of the law of the industry correlation.

产业关联规律是普遍联系规律作用在产业领域形成的特殊规律，它隐藏在产业关联现象的背后，不能为人们所消灭和改变，但可以通过对产业关联现象的研究予以认识，以产业关联理论为主要阵地对产业现象的研究正是为了认识和利用产业关联规律。

Firstly, it seeks the sources from which theories have been developed, by a summary of evolution or a road-map. Secondly, it explains the two basic forms taken by traditional theories on intra-industry trade, namely, horizontal intra-industry trade model and vertical intra-industry trade model. Both models take final products as trade objects and products of same industry are thus simultaneously exported and imported among developed nations and among developed nations and developing ones.Thirdly, it points out that the theory of vertical intra-industry trade has already been expanded in scope in the area of trade between developed countries and LDCs. It shows that the implication of vertical intra-industry trade has expanded to the importation and exportation of parts and components, intermediate products or processing products produced via various working procedures or different production links within the same industry, with MNCs as carriers. It gives the summary of the methods of measuring intra-industry trade and argues that the basic method adopted by this thesis is G-L Index. In addition, GHM and Input-output Analysis are introduced to demonstrate the expansion of vertical intra-industry trade.

首先，通过整理国际贸易理论的发展脉络，寻求产业内贸易的理论渊源；其次，阐述产业内贸易传统理论的两种基本形式，水平型产业内贸易与垂直型产业内贸易的理论模型，指出两者都以最终产品为贸易对象，实现了发达国家之间或发达国家与发展中国家之间的同一产业内产品的同时进口和出口；第三，结合全球化的特点和跨国公司在国际要素分工中的基础作用，指出发达国家与发展中国家之间的垂直型产业内贸易理论已经得到拓展，表明垂直型产业内贸易涵义已发展成为以跨国公司为载体的同一产业内不同生产工序或不同生产环节的零部件、中间产品或加工产品的进口和出口；最后，归纳了产业内贸易的计量方法，指出本文的产业内贸易基本计量方法是G-L指数(格鲁贝尔-洛伊德计量法)，并在此基础上进一步说明与垂直型产业内贸易的拓展相关的计量方法包括：GHM计量法和Hummels投入-产出分析法。

As a loose coupling relationship between the industry sectors, weak closure processes, unsmooth information circulating procedure, and egregious external competition at present, basing on complex ecosystem theory, the author treated Hainan mango industry as a complex ecosystem from the viewpoint of system and holism and put forward countermeasures to perfect industry management system, establish information warning mechanism, put more investment in industry science and technology, optimize variety structure and region arrangement, and strengthen recycling use of resources to promote Hainan mango industry's competitiveness, evolve and upgrade the industry, and ultimately realize its sustainable development from the viewpoint of system and holism.

为提升海南芒果产业的整体实力，促进产业的进化与升级，最终实现可持续发展，该文在复合生态系统理论基础上，从系统观和整体论角度，将海南芒果产业视作一个人工复合生态系统，综合分析海南芒果产业生态系统的现状，及其存在的产业环节横向耦合关系松散、纵向闭合过程薄弱、系统信息流程不畅、系统外部竞争过于激烈等问题，并提出健全产业经营管理体制、建立产业信息预警机制、加大产业科技投入力度、优化品种结构与区域布局、加强资源循环利用等相应对策。

And thus I provide the evidence to undermine the commonly held opinion that China's public companies improved their performance by increasing financial leverage ratio. Seventhly, the international comparison reveals that the development of capital market has direct influence on the industry performance and the capital markets of developed countries are more effective than those of developing ones. Whether the finance system is bank-dominated or capital-market-dominated means little to the effectiveness of capital market and also the industry productivity. Eighthly, capital market, bank and FDI differ markedly in the mechanism of financing selection, supervisory effectiveness and industry characteristics. Averagely, capital market is the most appropriate mechanism among the three out-sourcing financing, considering the supervisory cost and effectiveness comprehensively. Certainly, some flaws remain in this study.

因此，我们认为，中国各产业上市公司产业绩效的提高不是通过提高财务杠杆比例来实现的；第七，基于资本市场自身的国际比较研究表明，资本市场发展程度直接影响其对产业绩效的改善和促进程度，成熟市场的资本配置效率显著高于新兴市场，而金融体系以银行为主导还是以资本市场为主导，并不影响资本市场功能的有效发挥，也不对产业绩效的影响产生效率上的差异，仅仅表现为在多大规模或范围内对产业绩效产生影响；第八，基于资本市场、银行贷款及外商投资3种外源融资方式对产业绩效影响的比较研究，三种方式在融资选择机制、监督力以及所影响的产业特征方面均存在显著差异，三者对不同产业绩效的影响呈现互补作用，而资本市场是监督成本与效力结合较好的融资方式。

It constructs a tentative frame of theories and policies of industrial clusters. It analyzes industrial clusters mechanism and policies. The research outspreads nine parts. The first part states the background, thepurpose and the present situation of the industrial clusters and development zone.Chapter2 summarizes the theory of development zone, which includes itsconnotation, forms and the process of development zone, and then analyzes thetheory and practices of development zone abroad, finding the gap between Chinaand other developed countries and regions. In chapter 3, based on study of presentresearch, this paper discusses competitive advantages and inherent mechanism, putsforward to the necessity of research of industry cluster in hi-tech zones and pointsout that the industry cluster is the key that Hi-tech zones carry out the seconddevelopment In Chapter4, this paper discusses the possibility and their mutualmotivation between industry cluster and development zone from the view ofIndustrial Ecologization, game theory and industrial structure theory; based onanalysis of Chapter3 and Chapter4,the next two chapters underlines thedevelopment mood and mechanism of industrial cluster in developmentzone,besides,these chapters points out the role of government in this mood. InChapter7, this paper discusses the system of evaluation of the performance ofdevelopment zones. At last, based on the analysis above and the present situation ofOptical Valley in Wuhan, Hubei province, the author estimates the performance ofoptical industrial clusters in Optical Valley, and puts forward to the advices about thegovernment, the mood and the policies of optical industrial clusters in OpticalValley.

全文研究从以下八个部分展开：首先，在文章的第一部分，论述了关于本篇论文的研究背景、研究目的和国内外研究的理论与实践现状；第二部分主要阐述了关于开发区的理论，包括其内涵、表现形式和发展历程，并对国外开发区的理论和实践予以论述，由此对比出国内外开发区发展的差距，从中找出国内高新科技园区的不足和先进发展模式的经验——即发展产业集群；第三章产业集群的基本理论，在对现有理论成果作了梳理工作之后，着重分析其竞争优势和内在机理，为开发区发展模式中引入此概念的必要性埋下伏笔；在探讨了开发区内大力发展产业集群的必要性以后，第四部分着重研究其可行性及其互动机制，包括从产业生态学的角度、博弈论的角度、产业组织理论的角度等，为开发区内的产业集群发展的优势进一步展开；在完成了对其必要性和可行性探讨的基础上，在本文的第五和第六部分分别研究了我国开发区产业集群的发展模式和运行机制，以及政府在当中应当扮演的角色，并提出适当的制度建议；第七章给出了开发区产业集群的评价体系，并在此基础上，第八章结合武汉光谷高新技术开发区的现状作出实证分析，对区内产业集群发展情况作出评价，并对其具体发展模式、政府行为及政策建议作出建议。

The author explicates some developing aspects in the field of IC industry as suggested areas of future work. The original points of this dissertation are as following: 1. In this dissertation, we got the quality learning curve of China's IC manufacturers by regression. On the base of questionnaire, we later explained the reason of the reverse S type quality learning curve and the tendency of change in quality learning curve. 2. The evolution of technical unit of China's IC industry is calculated in this dissertation. We also explained the reason of technical unit splitting in the way of economic and technology. 3. In this dissertation, we described the environment difference in capital, technology transfer, human resource and market in USA, Japan, Korea, Taiwan and China, and gave some suggestions on the government's role in the development of China's IC industry.. 4. In this dissertation, we established an SD model of China's IC industry, and by using this model, we got some suggestions for future development in China's IC industry.

本文的主要创新之处在于：（1）用回归分析方法实证研究了我国集成电路企业的质量学习曲线，并在调查分析的基础上，对反S型质量学习曲线的历史成因和未来走势进行了研究；（2）对世界及我国集成电路产业技术单元的变化趋势进行了定量研究，从经济和技术角度解释了当前集成电路产业技术单元细化的原因；（3）从资金、技术、人才、市场角度系统总结研究了发达国家在集成电路产业发展环境建设中的成功经验，并结合我国集成电路产业发展的实际情况，对我国集成电路产业发展的政府行为提出了一些建议；（4）建立了狭义集成电路产业、材料业、设备业发展的系统动态模型，并利用该模型对不同投资结构下我国集成电路产业系统未来的演变进行了模拟研究，这一研究结果可以为我国集成电路产业今后发展提供一定的决策依据。

Shanghai is striving to turn itself into an economy-oriented metropolis. With a view to the city's features, the authors hold that we should transform cultural industry into Shanghai's pillar industry. With such a well-laid historical and real foundation, we are confident that we are capable of dong so. Industrialized operation is the only way for culture development. Therefore the government must transform its functions, practise more strict supervision over cultural industry and perfect the relevant la...

基于建立经济中心城市的目标，并结合文化产业自身的特点，在发展文化产业为上海的支柱产业，上海具备发展文化产业所需要的雄厚的历史和现实基础，有能力也有条件大力发展文化产业；产业化运作是文化产业成长和发展的必经途径，政府要转变职能，加强对文化产业的管理和监督职能，建立健全文化法律法规，使文化产业健康稳定地发展。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。