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Using cytohischemical staining methods, with the results of comparison the dynamics of proteins and polysaccharides in the anthe wall cells and colule cells of different developmental phases in female and male flowers, the anormogenesis of anther tapetum in the inflecting phase of from bisexual flower to unisexual flower was observed. In microspore developed phase, the tapetum functions of preserving and transportingmutritive material for microspore development and of secreting callosal enzyme for decompositing callosal cell lost no normal guadrant formed, of being abnormal meiose of pollen mother cells, and then, the stamen aborted selectively in female flowers and pistil in male flower.

利用细胞组织化学染色技术，对雌、雄花雄蕊花药壁细胞及花药内细胞发育过程中多糖及蛋白质动态进行了比较，实验中观察到雌花在从两性至单性花转变时期雄蕊绒毡层在整个发育过程中表现异常，在小孢子发育过程中未能起到贮藏、转运营养物质供小孢子发育及适时分泌胼胝质酶溶解胼胝质壁的功能，并且花粉母细胞减数分裂异常而未形成四分体结构，进而导致雌花雄蕊选择性败育，而雄花中雌蕊组织也发生了选择性败育过程。

P-gp is expressed in normal biliary canaliculi of the liver, the adrenal cortex and proximal tubules of the kidney, and intestinal epithelia including the columnar cells of the large and small intestines; capillary endothelial cells of brain, testis, and placenta; and in the hematopoietic stem cells of bone marrow.

P-gp表达于正常的肝脏胆小管，肾脏的，肾上腺皮质和近端小管，以及包括大肠和小肠的柱状细胞在内的肠上皮细胞；脑、睾丸和胎盘的毛细血管内皮细胞；以及骨髓的造血干细胞。

Methods:The proliferation inhibition of cantharides injections on LoVo cells were detected by tetrazolium.Annexin V-FITC were applied to study cell apoptosis of LoVo cells.FCM were applied to detect the expressions of the Fas and Bcl-2 protein.Results:Cantharides iniections could inhibit the proliferation of LoVo cells and could couse cell apoptosis.

四甲基偶氮唑盐测定药物对LoVo细胞抑制作用与时间和剂量的关系，Annexin V-FITC方法对细胞凋亡进行检测，流式细胞术检测细胞Fas、Bcl-2蛋白表达水平结果：MTT实验表明复方斑蝥注射液可抑制LoVo细胞的生长并诱导发生凋亡。

The inflammation reaction hyperplactic stage and lymphatic nodular stage are of nonspecific morphological changes and should be diagnosed with the help of positive tuberculin test and obvious increase of adenosine deaninase ; tuberculous nodular stage has a great number of epithelioid cells,and Langhans cells, caseous necrosis stage is characterized by a great deal of necrotic tissue and debris,a small number of fragmented epithelioid cells

炎性增殖反应期非特异性形态学变化，需要结合结核抗体阳性和腺苷酸脱氨酶明显增高有助于诊断，结核结节期主要可有较多类上皮样细胞及郎罕氏细胞；而干酪样脓样坏死主要见大量坏死组织及碎屑、少数残碎不全类上皮样细胞，此期主要能查到抗酸菌为特点；纤维增殖期，抽出物难取，仅见少数纤维组织、纤维细胞和黏液间质为其特征，提示结核恢复、瘢痕形成所致。

The results showed that fruit crispness was influenced by several factors including fruit skin thickness, thin-wall cells increasing progressively, cellulous content and fruit hardness. The relationships among those factors showed that thicker epidermal cells might mean unsuitable fruit crispness. Fruit crispness would be better if the volume of thin-wall cells very close to epidermal size increased rapidly.

对黄瓜果实脆度与组织结构和纤维素含量关系的初步研究表明，影响黄瓜脆度的因素包括果皮厚度、薄壁细胞递增情况、纤维素含量和果实硬度等，它们的基本关系表现为：表皮的厚度要适中，过厚的表皮脆度不好；近表皮的薄壁细胞由大到小递增快的，多表现为比较脆。

Methods: CD34(superscript +) cells from fetal liver were isolated with a magnetic cell sorting kit and were cultured. Cells pretreated with or without protein kinase C inhibitor chelerythrine chloride (3 μmol/L) were induced by 5 ×10^(-7)mol/L tretinoin for 24 h, and then incubated in serum-free medium. Expressions of genes in treated cells were assayed by Western blotting and RT-PCR.

采用免疫磁珠法分离人胎肝CD34细胞，培养4d后，蛋白激酶C特异抑制剂chelerythrine chloride(3μmol/L)处理24h，再加入维A酸处理24h5×10^(-7mol/L，无血清培养基培养5d，Western印迹和半定量RT-PCR法分析维A酸处理前后神经特异基因表达。

MSC can be obtained by percoll fluid and density gradient centrifugation, this cells kept proliferation and differentiation ability in vitro; MSC can differentiate into chondroblast by lightly centrifugation and chemical definition medium, after one generation, the differential cells kept the phentype of chondroblast, they are a kind of ideal seed-cells for cartilage tissue engineering.

经percoll液密度梯度离心法能获得纯度较高的人骨髓间充质干细胞，这种细胞在体外培养体系中保持旺盛的增殖能力；经轻度离心和化学限定培养基法可诱导骨髓间充质干细胞向成软骨方向分化，增殖旺盛，可传一代培养，是软骨组织工程理想的种子细胞。

Bone marrow containing hematopoietic stem cells has already been known , theses another group stem cells exists in bone marrow named mesenchymal stem cells. MSCs retain the potentiality of differentiating into osteoblast, chondroblast, adipoblast, tendonblast, myoblast, cardiomyoblast, neuron, etc , which displays a bright prosperity of its use in tissue enigeering, wound healing , cell transplatation and gene therapy. MSCs can be obtained and expanded easily compared to ESC without any problems of morality , law and ethic , immunology.

最早在130年前，德国病理学家Cohnheim在研究创口愈合时就推测在创口愈合过程中出现的部分细胞可能来自骨髓。20世纪70年代，Friendenstein发现一小部分骨髓中贴壁最牢固的细胞经数此传代后形成独特的纺锤形外观，具有形成成骨细胞或软骨细胞的能力。80年代以来，许多研究小组进一步证实了Friendenstein分离到的这些细胞是多能的，在体外特定诱导条件下，可以分化为成骨细胞、软骨细胞、脂肪细胞、成肌细胞、神经元等，被称为骨髓间充质干细胞(Bone MarrowMesenchymal Stem Cells，MSCs)。

In resent year, several in vitro models for committed differentiation of ES cells have been described which give rise to a variety of cell types, including hematopoietic, neuronal, chondroitic, osteocytic, endothelial, myogenic, cardiac and smoothes muscle cells, but the committed differentiation into epidermal stem cells have not been reported.

ES细胞为研究基因功能、胚胎发生和个体发育，及组织细胞分化机理提供了理想的模型。近年来的研究表明，适当条件下，ES细胞可定向分化为三个胚层的各种类型的细胞，其中包括向神经元、造血细胞、成骨细胞、心肌细胞、血管内皮、软骨细胞、平滑肌特方向的定向分化。

In resent year, several in vitro models for committed differentiation of ES cells have been described which give rise to a variety of cell types, including hematopoietic, neuronal, chondroitic, osteocytic, endothelial, myogenic, cardiac and smoothes muscle cells, but the committed differentiation into epidermal stem cells have not been reported.

但定向分化为表皮干细胞至今未见报道。

What was it that made you want to change sider ?

是什么使你临阵倒戈？

I don't know what he wants, but let's play along with him.

我不知道他要干什么，可我