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The observation showed that sterile plants and fertile plants in the pollen mother cell stage is not very different, when microspore mother cells of male sterile plants enter meiosis period, it could form normal tetrad cell , tetrad cell is normal in early development stage, In the uninucleate microspore stage , tapetal cells were vacuolization, the microspores were extruded to the middle by tapetal cells.

本研究利用石蜡切片法，结合光学显微镜技术对樱桃萝卜核质互作雄性不育系的不育株和对应保持系可育株的花药发育过程进行细胞形态学观察，观察结果表明：不育株与可育株在花粉母细胞时期差别不大，不育株的花药小孢子母细胞进入减数分裂期后，可以正常的形成四分体，四分体前期发育正常，而在单核小孢子期绒毡层细胞出现液泡化，绒毡层细胞向中间挤压小孢子。

Finally, cells that only produce identical copies of themselves are called unipotent. Like skin cells, when they divide, they only make more skin cells.

最后，那些只能复制它们自己的细胞就是单独型干细胞，像皮肤细胞，当它分裂的时候，它只能制造更多的皮肤细胞。

But in 2007, scientists made a revolutionary breakthrough. Three different groups simultaneously announced that they had converted unipotent, mature skin cells back into an undifferentiated state. In other words, they had created cells that behaved like embryonic stem cells without using any embryo derived materials.

可是在2007年时，科学家们取得了革命性的突破，三个不同的小组同时宣布他们能够把已分化、成熟的表皮细胞转会一种未分化的状态，换句话说，他们制造了一种类似胚胎干细胞的细胞，但没用到任何源于胚胎的原料。

This suggested there might have cis-acting element in 3'-UTR. In order to search the possible trans-acting factor, we found RNA-protein band in H〓 cells and no band in 95D cells using 3'-UTR probe by RNA EMSA assay. At the same time, this band could be competed with the unlabled probe. There was also no band obsearved using 5'-UTR probe in both cells.

为了寻找可能与3'-UTR结合的蛋白质反式作用因子，用RNA凝胶阻滞(electrophoresis mobility shift assay，EMSA)的方法，我们在H〓细胞的胞浆蛋白质提取物与3'-UTR探针的结合反应中，发现了一条RNA-蛋白质的结合带，而在95D细胞没有结合带出现；而且这种结合带能被未标记探针竞争性抑制；5'-UTR的结合反应也没有观测到结合带的形成。

When SA-bFGF-Math1 transferred to the epithelial cells(UEC-4) of utricle,these cells showed the potential to differentiate hair-cell-like cells.

通过脂质体将bFGF-Math1转染大鼠椭圆囊斑的上皮细胞(UEC-4)，可使其分化为新毛细胞。

Candidum roots and AR-18,and the biological functions of endomycorrhiza were also discussed. Strain AR-15penetrated the exodermal passage cells through the velamen cells where pelotonsformed and further infected the cortical cells.

金钗石斛根及其菌根的显微结构研究表明，金钗石斛具有典型的兰科植物根的结构，在金钗石斛的根中有大量根毛存在。

Candidum root and surrounded it, and later penetrated the velamen cells.Or mycorrhizal fungus penetrated the exodermal passage cells through the velamencells and further infected the cells of cortex, and then formed pelotons in the corticalcells.

真菌AR-15由根被侵入外皮层通道细胞，在外皮层通道细胞内形成菌丝结，进一步向皮层细胞侵染，从而形成内生菌根，紧靠外皮层的皮层细胞具有多个细胞核和核仁，还发现细胞核正在进行穿壁运动。

Veratrine has anticarcinogenic chemical activity in the key stages of the development of cancer cells. It can kill the cancer cells and has no harm to the healthy cells.

白藜芦醇在癌细胞的起始，促进，发展三个重要阶段均有化学防癌的活性，能杀死癌细胞而对正常的细胞无毒害作用。

The density of AR of HFSC is consistent with the capability of differentiation of those cells. 3. Cells induced in vitro expressed EMA and Lipid droplets were observed by rathonum red staining, while those as control didn't, which confirmed that androgen can facilitate the differentiation of vibrissa follicle stem cells into sebocytes.

用免疫细胞化学检测到EMA在诱导后的细胞中的表达呈阳性，而在未经诱导处理的细胞中的表达呈阴性；用油红O染色检测到诱导后的细胞中有脂滴的形成，而在未经诱导的细胞中没有脂滴的形成；表明雄激素对毛囊干细胞向皮脂腺细胞定向分化具有促进作用。

To explore the possibility that the androgen may facilitate differentiation of hair follicle stem cells into sebocytes, we carried out experiments to test this hypothesis. The concrete steps to carry out this research were as follow: Firstly, observed the expression of AR and examined the expression of AR mRNA of rat vibrissa follicle stem cells in vivo in three defined phases of a hair follicle cycle, including anagen, catagen and telogen. Secondly, cultured HFSC deprived from vibrissa follicle bulge region in culture flasks and observed the expression of AR, ketertin 15 (K15), cluster of differentiation 34 (CD34) andβ1-integrin of those cells.

为了探索雄激素对毛囊干细胞定向分化为皮脂腺细胞的过程是否具有促进功能，我们进行了如下的实验来进行研究：第一步，检测了在毛囊周期的三个不同时期(生长期、退化期和静止期)中大鼠触须毛囊干细胞中AR、ARmRNA的表达以及检测原代培养的毛囊干细胞中AR的表达并探讨意义，为进一步研究打下基础。

Tom: You are right, he worked hard all the time.

你是对的。他一直都是努力工作。

Take shortcomings,failures,and mockings of others as commonplace and a drive to complete oneself,hold your own opinion over the evalution and disscution divested from others,afterwards sink into the state of eliminate mistakes if any or encourge oneself being not being influenced by the sayinngs of others or having no ideas to do.

把缺点、失败及别人的耻笑等看成是一种常事，当成完善自己的动力，对别人的评价和议论自己心中有主见，做到&有则改之，无则加勉&，不为人言所左右或无所适从。