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Such doubts havesitimulated the researchers'curiosity and start to explore the students' terms This research proceeds by observation interview test using learning sheets and etc The purpose is to explore students' terms of scientific concepts sources of terms connections between students' usage nomenclature and chooses of usage The results of the research are as follows: 1 There are five kinds of naming principles for students' terms of scientific concepts: appearance habit function replacing and sound Appearance principle contains three categories: color shape and partial construction; habit principle contains custom and ability; replacing principle contains reality and non-reality 2 Students' terms of scientific concepts come from two ways: self-acquisition and learning through senses The former way is only a bit more common than the latter 3 There are three different relationships between students' usage of terms and nomenclature: one both the same in usage and meaning; the other both different; another different usage but the same meaning Normally terms that students used are various from nomenclature in the aspects of usage and meaning only a few would match and even rare for "Synonyms" to occur 4 Alternative options for students' scientific terms are maintenance adaptation or co-existence with formal scientific terms The most common way of selecting usage of terms is to maintain Sometimes students would adapt themselves once learn of scientist's term However some believe that very odd chances for both could exist at the same time

这样的疑问深深引起研究者的好奇，著手探索学生科学概念所使用的语言。本研究透过观察、访谈、学习单施测等方法来进行，目的在探讨学童在科学概念上所使用之学生惯用语、学生惯用语来源、学生惯用语与科学家用语之关联性、学生惯用语选择。研究结果如下：一、学童在科学概念上所使用之学生惯用语的命名原则有五种：外型、习性、功能、藉代称呼及声音，其中外型原则有颜色、体型及部份构造三类目，习性原则有习惯及能力两类目，藉代称呼原则有实体及虚拟两类目。二、学童在科学概念上所使用之学生惯用语有两种来源，分别为自己称取和听来。学生惯用语来源较多为自己称取，透过其他方式听来少一点，但两种来源的比率差距甚小。三、学童在科学概念上所使用之学生惯用语和科学家用语的关系有三种，分别为用语意涵均相同、用语不同意涵相同和用语意涵均不同。学生惯用语通常和科学家的用语是不同的，且其意涵也不同，只有部份学生惯用语和科学家用语意涵均相同，至於学生惯用语和科学家用语不同但意涵相同的极少。四、学童的科学概念相关学生惯用语选择有三种，分别为维持学生惯用语、改变成科学家用语和科学家与学生惯用语皆可。学童的科学概念相关学生惯用语选择，以维持学生惯用语最多，而有些时候学生会在得知科学家的用语后改变成科学家用语，但认为科学家用语和自己使用的学生惯用语皆可的则很少。

The vapour and plasma ignition times of the target are got based on the equation of heat conduction and cascade model. We suppose that the plasma is ignited when 210 generations of new electrons are born in vapour generation time. The influence of temperature on the thermodynamics and optics parameters of material also have been considered in the model. The resulting theory has good agreement with the experiment and overseas report. A blade method to measure the laser spot is given in this paper with validation and error analysis. The plasma threshold of metals in atmosphere and water ambients both are diagnosed with the light deflection and piezoelectric transducer. A Q-switched pulsed Nd:YAG laser operating at infrared (1064nm), visible(532nm) and ultraviolet (355nm) wavelengths has been used. Al、Fe、Cu are used as targets and get a similar results with both method. Theoretical and experimental analyses are applied on the influence of wavelength on the threshold have been done, both of which have shown that the plasma threshold of metals decrease as the laser wavelength increases; The plasma threshold of metals are higher in water than in air and the pressure of the shock wave in water is five times higher than in air.

从热传导方程和雪崩电离机制出发，假设当电子增值2~(10)倍时，考虑了温度对材料热力学和光学参数的影响时，得到了气化和等离子体点燃的时间，利用该模型进行计算得到的结果与国内外报道及自行通过实验测得的阈值基本一致；提出了利用刀刃法测量激光光斑面积的方法，并通过实验进行了验证和误差分析；利用光偏转装置和压电换能器分别对空气和水中金属等离子体点燃阈值进行了实验诊断，激光器均为调Q—YAG激光器(波长1064nm，532nm，355nm，脉宽10ns)，靶材分别为Al、Fe和Cu，两种测试方法得到的等离子体点燃阈值基本一致；本文从实验和理论计算两个方面讨论了波长对等离子体点燃阈值的影响，均得到了等离子体点燃阈值随着波长的增加而减小的结论；对空气中和水中不同环境下金属等离子体的点燃阈值进行了比较研究，得到了金属在水中的等离子体点燃阈值比空气中的大，且水中产生的冲击波的压强是空气中的5倍左右的结论。

Results We isolated 2 strains of Bdellovibrio sp.(5#-12 and 5#-sh06) from sea mud of Shenzhen bay. Both strains grew between 20℃ and 35℃, with 25℃ and 30℃ as optimal temperature for 5#-12 and 5#-sh06, respectively. They grew between pH 6.1 and 8.6, and the opti℃mal pH for both was 7.2. Lysis experiments on 58 strains of pathogens were conducted and the results showed that 5#-12 and 5#-sh06 lysed 46 and 48 strains, corresponding to 79.3% and 82.8% of lysis abilities. Taken both two Bdellovibrio strains together, they lysed 96.6%(56 strains) of tested pathogens and 100% of tested vibrios (39 strains).

从深圳湾海泥中分离出2株蛭弧菌，分别命名为5#-12和5#-sh06，它们可在20℃~35℃范围内生长，最适温度分别是25℃和30℃；生长pH范围6.1~8.6，最适pH均为7.2；2株蛭弧菌可分别裂解46和48株试验菌，各占总试验菌株数（58）的79.3%和82.8%；联合2株蛭弧菌，可裂解56株试验菌，占总试验菌株数的96.6%；同时，它们一起能将所有试验弧菌裂解。

The Father is from none, the Son from the Father alone, and the holy Spirit from both equally, eternally without beginning or end; the Father generating, the Son being born, and the holy Spirit proceeding; consubstantial and coequal, co-omnipotent and coeternal; one principle of all things, creator of all things invisible and visible, spiritual and corporeal; who by his almighty power at the beginning of time created from nothing both spiritual and corporeal creatures, that is to say angelic and earthly, and then created human beings composed as it were of both spirit and body in common.

父亲从没有，儿子的父亲，仅和圣灵从同样，永远没有开始或结束；父生成，出生的儿子，和圣灵的程序；同质和coequal ，共同无所不能， coeternal ；一个原则，所有的事情，创造万物的无形和有形，精神和肉体的，谁是他的全能电源开头的时间都没有创造精神和肉体的生物，也就是说天使和人间，然后创建人组成的，因为它是精神和身体都在共同的。

In the last chapter, on the basis of theories in paper [4, 5], the notions of strong mixing, weak mixing, generator and expansion of the variable-parametric dynamical system are introduced, it turns out that in variable-parametric dynamical system strong mixing implies weak mixing and then implies transitivity; it is proved that if and both are variable-parametric dynamical system, F conjugates with G , the members of F are communicate with each other and the members of G are also communicate with each other, what's more, they are both homeomorphism, then F is strong mixing implies G has the same properties; futhermore, we prove that F is strong mixing implies F Devaney chaos in the sense of modification in variable-parametric dynamical system and that F Devaney chaos in the sense of modification if and only if G Devaney chaos in the sense of modification when semi-conjugate with and they both are communicate and homeomorphism; at last, we illustrate that F has generator if and only if it has weak generator, and we also prove that if F is expansion, then F has generator.

在第三章中，我们在文[4，5]的基础上，提出了变参数动力系统拓扑强混合、拓扑弱混合以及变参数动力系统的生成子、扩张的概念；证明了变参数动力系统拓扑强混合蕴含拓扑弱混合，进而蕴含拓扑传递；证明了：如果，为两个变参数动力系统，F与G拓扑半共轭，且F两两可交换，G两两可交换，它们均为同胚映射，那么F拓扑强混合，则G也有同样的性质；本章还证明了变参数动力系统拓扑强混合蕴含F在修改的意义下Devaney混沌；在此基础上得出了：如果变参数动力系统与变参数动力系统拓扑半共轭，它们都两两可交换，并且它们均为同胚映射，那么F在修改的意义下Devaney混沌当且仅当G在修改的意义下Devaney混沌；得出了F有生成子当且仅当F有弱生成子；如果F是扩张的，则F有生成子。

The ion concentrations were studied in both four snow pits on Hami Miaoergou FlatTopped Glacier and one snow pit on Haxilegen Glacier No.51 of Kuitun river in eastern Tianshan Mountain, and both snow pits were retrieved in 2004. The results show that the Ca2+, NO-3 and SO2-4, particularly Ca2+, are major ions in the snow of snow pits in both ablation and accumulation area and also in the ice of snow pits in accumulation area on Hami Miaoergou FlatTopped Glacier, where the relationships among major cation concentrations in snow of snow pits can be revealed by ion concentrations in the ice of snow pits, but the correlation between ion concentrations in the snow of snow pits and elevation is not obvious, which probably can be attributed to the narrow span of elevation and sparse snow pits on glacier. However, the good correlation between ion concentrations in the ice of snow pits and elevation indicates that the elution process weakened gradually with the elevation rise and temperature decrease.

对2004年获取的天山奎屯河哈希勒根51号冰川1个雪坑和哈密庙尔沟平顶冰川4个雪坑的离子浓度特征进行了研究，结果表明：Ca2+、NO-3和SO42-是哈密庙尔沟平顶冰川雪坑雪层和积累区雪坑底部冰中的主要离子（尤其是Ca2+），其雪层中的主要阳离子关系可在底部冰中得以较好的反映，但雪层中各离子浓度与海拔的相关性不明显，可能与海拔的跨度较小和挖取的雪坑较疏有关；雪坑底部冰中的离子浓度与海拔间明显的相关性说明淋融作用随着海拔升高、气温降低而逐渐减弱。

Stendhal in "Red and Black" in the shape of the connection is a very complex, multi-faceted and contradictory characters, he is cowardly and courageous, not only hypocritical and integrity, both the vanity and sincere, both sophisticated and naive, both complex and simple, and has the character to even the type of people will be local to the existence of our life.

摘 要：司汤达在《红与黑》中塑造的于连是一个非常复杂、多面和矛盾的人物形象，他既卑怯又勇敢，既虚伪又正直，既虚荣又诚挚，既老练又天真，既复杂又单纯，而具有于连式的性格的人将会局部地存在我们的生活当中。

The new opinion and mechanism that the simultaneously adsorption of complex pollution of both organic and heavy metals will be achieved on soil modified with amphoteric surface modifying agent, which have both charged group and organophilic group on one ASMA molecule, were proposed at first time, and its rationality was testified at the same time; The 50% was the critical CTMAB modifying ratio of soil CEC at which the organophilic bond modifying mechanism was emerged; The thermodynamic characteristics of adsorption of OPT and HMP on OMS were discovered ; The study revealed the surface peculiarity of OMS that the modifying agent were distributed at uneven scatter mode and multi-characters surface were coexisted on surface of OMS, revealed the adsorption peculiarity of OMS that multi-mechanisms were coexisted, confirmed the unequal charge amount modifying mode of OMS in which dual-modifying mechanism of both ion exchange and OPB were processed at the same time, and confirmed that the adsorption hobby to CTMAB was higher than that to Ca2+ on Lou soil.

首次提出了用两性表面修饰剂对土壤进行修饰改性，利用两性表面修饰剂所具有的荷电基团和疏水基团达到对土壤中有机、重金属污染物同时吸附的思路和机理，并通过实验证实了所提设想的合理性；发现了土壤CEC值的50%修饰比例是CTMAB开始显现以疏水键机制对土土样表面进行修饰的临界点；揭示了有机修饰改性土对有机物、重金属吸附过程的热力学特征，填补了该项研究工作的空白；阐明了修饰剂在改性土表面呈分散态的非均匀分布，改性土表面具有不同性质表面共存的表面特征和对污染物多机制共存的吸附特征，确定了阳离子表面修饰剂在土表面的修饰是一种离子交换和疏水键结合两种机制相伴并行且为非等电荷量交换的修饰反应模式，以及土具有对CTMAB的吸附偏好性远大于对钙离子吸附偏好性的特征。

From the perspective of theoretical research, the extreme orientation of both philosophy and psychology will lead to the contradiction and breaking of knowledge teaching and students' development. Consequently, the development of all the students to be human being would be lost. From the perspective of teaching practice, both the spoon-fed teaching and experience-constructive teaching, either controlling or indulging students, as a matter of fact, lead to the lost of cultivating students to be human being. Analyzing from the perspective of ideology, Herbart's "educational teaching", Dewey's "experience" curriculum and teaching ideology and constructivism make contributions to knowledge teaching. However, they have, constraints. If we cannot understand both their advantages and disadvantages but simply support or deny them, teaching research and practice will go to an extreme.

从理论研究上看，无论是哲学的极端趋向还是心理学的极端趋向，都会导致知识教学与学生发展的对立与断裂，最终是学生发展成人的总体失落；就教学实践看，无论是&独断一灌输式&教学还是&体验一建构式&教学，要么控制学生要么放纵学生，都在事实上引发了学生发展成人的总体失落；从思想认识上分析，赫尔巴特的&教育性教学&思想、杜威的&经验&课程与教学思想、建构主义理论都有其积极贡献，但也各有范围和条件，不能正确看待它们的理论长处和局限，单纯的推崇或简单的否定，都会致使教学研究与实践走向非此即彼的极端化立场。

Composition of both spermatophyte and pteridophyte flora of a relict Alsophila spinulosa community in Wutongqiao Nature Reserve of Leshan region was discussed. It shows the proportion of Tropic and Cathaysia elements in both spermatophyte flora and pteridophyte flora was almost 2/3 of the total at the genus level, and even more at the family level. There was a distinct ancient endemism phenomenon in spermatophyte flora, owning to being 8 relict and remnant endemism genera in the total of 9. Furthermore, the proportion of Tropic and Cathaysia elements both at family and genus level in the pteridophyte flora were much greater.

选以乐山五通桥桫椤自然保护区-桫椤群落的种子植物区系与蕨类植物区系组成为研究对象，发现种子植物区系在属的水平上热带成分与古华夏成分占到近2/3，在科的水平上则更高；种子植物区系中有9个中国特有属，其中8个为残遗或原始类型的古特有属，表现出典型的古特有现象；而在蕨类植物区系中热带成分和华夏成分所占比重更大。

That snake Alaric named Archbishop...

庇护。。。那个毒如蛇蝎的Alaric被命名为大教主。。。

You have done lots of magical things to be amazed at.

你做了很多神奇的事物感到惊讶。