西方文化地

As soon as passes through contacts Mo Yan's novel, we are very easy to discover ""the Gaomi northeast township"" this specific hypothesized space has nearly become the writer novel world pronoun, if again the deep level carries on to it inquires, we can discover William Faulkner, Yasunari Kawabata, Garcia de and so on the multitudinous western master's shadow; However accumulates speaking of writer's culture, any writers all not impossible completely to get rid of the native place culture influence which he grows, he inevitably must derive the folk tradition, inherits the most candid narrative spirit; Moreover, the writer own childhood experience had decided he has the unique emotion tendency, and has the profound influence to the writer unique esthetic consciousness way.

一经接触莫言的小说，我们很容易发现"高密东北乡"这一特定的虚拟空间几乎成为了莫言小说世界的代名词，如果再深层次地对其进行探询，福克纳、马尔克斯等众多西方大师的影子将会一一闪现；然而就作家的文化积淀而言，任何作家都不可能完全摆脱生长于斯的本土文化的影响，他必然要汲取民间传统，承继最本真的叙事精神；另外，作家自身的童年经验又决定了其独特的情感倾向，对作家独特的审美知觉方式有着深刻的影响。接下来，论文从叙事学角度对莫言叙事艺术的具体特征进行了归纳与总结。

Furthermore, scholars carried out research and composed academic papers on this subject as early as Li Bais poetry was initially translated into English.

但学者们以往的研究往往局限于从语言层面对李白诗歌的形式、韵律等方面在英译中的再现进行分析，而忽略了从文化层面细致深入地研究李白诗歌英译对西方文学文化产生的影响。

The theoretical basis guiding this thesis is dialectical materialism, the thesis regards the theory of life aesthetics as the basis of research, synthesizes the relevant theories and methods of China ancient aesthetics, reception aesthetic and hermeneutic aesthetic, and researches extendedly, systematically the historical construction and the meaning in literature -art aesthetics and culture study of "aesthetic field" in aesthetic aspect and historical culture "linguistic context" vision.

本文将以辩证唯物主义为指导，以生命美学为依托，综合中国古代美学中的相关理论，并结合西方接受美学及解释学美学等诸种理论与方法，系统地从美学层面和历史文化&语境&来对&审美场&的历史建构及其在文艺美学和文化研究中的意义作延伸性研究。

But how to use those facts in new situations, how to observe the world penetratingly, how to explore and discover independently, how to approach unfamiliar types of problems, how to analyse rigorously and play creatively, how to organize themselves and others to achieve their goals? These things, the heart of high-quality Western education, are still largely slighted by schools in China -- and they are precisely the capacities that will be vital to China's economic and cultural development in 20 or 30 years.

可是，怎样在新的情况下去使用那些知识，怎样深入地观察这个世界，怎样独立地探索和发现，怎样去解决不熟悉的问题，怎样严谨地分析问题继而能够玩出富有创造性的成果，怎样把自己和别人组织起来去实现共同的目标，这些问题是高质量的西方教育的核心，却仍然在很大程度上被中国的学校所忽视———而对于二三十年后中国经济和文化的发展，这些能力恰恰是至关重要的。

Classical tragicomedy is the cristal of Chinese culture, and best represents the Chinese culture spirit. But regretfully Chinese dramatists followed the Western footsteps, put most of their energy onto the classical tragedy and neglect the study of classical tragicomedy. They classified many classical tragicomedies into the category of tragedy. It brought about the confusion in the classification of Chinese classical drama.

古典悲喜剧是中国文化的结晶，最能代表中国文化精神，遗憾的是我国戏剧界往往步西方的后尘，集中精力研究古典悲剧，忽略了对古典悲喜剧的探讨；又因为对古典悲喜剧的价值认识不足，有意无意地将许多悲喜剧划入悲剧范畴，造成我国古典戏曲分类上的混乱。

The author forms a relative systematic and regional construction, which based on the research of Frankfurt School and Birmingham School and so on. From the longitudinal view, the development of mass culture in China can be divided into two parts-the initiation in 1980's and the growth in 1990's.

在批判地吸收西方包括法兰克福学派和文化研究学派等相关研究成果的基础上，作者结合中国大众文化的具体历史与现实状况，形成了一个较为系统的、本土化的研究框架。

The pathway of course of Wolfflin's theory research had begun with the research to classicality art and the spiritual of civil, and gradually it belongs to a concept of the multiple cultures. This concept is the two sides of understanding which advocated by the ripeness applicability value of the style and the historic creed in every nation, every individual'creating and understanding. The unification of the two sides responded the dispute about the connection between the fact and the value. it had taken the view of creating perfection into a course of invariable, can be seen in the practice of art activity. Not only had his research provided a excisions illumination with the development of the emersion art, but also provided the integrated theory and a important visual angle to represent the development of modern occident art and China tradition art.

沃尔夫林理论研究的心路历程由对古典艺术和人文精神的研究开始，渐渐归于一种多元文化的观念，这种观念是人文主义普适价值观和历史主义所倡导的对每个民族、每个时代、每一个体的独特创造的理解两个方面，两个方面的统一以独特的方式回应了现代思想中关于事实和价值关系问题的争论，将对审美创造的完美性的永恒的观看，纳入一个永恒的、见之于具体艺术实践的流动过程之中，其研究不但对再现艺术的历史发展做出了卓越的说明，也为系统地表征西方现代艺术、中国传统艺术的发展，以及理解现代科学作为一个文化过程的发展，提供了重要的视角和完整的理论。

Meanwhile Ottoman Turkish was attacking Byzantine Empire from all sides, lots of Byzantine scholars migrated to Italy in order to seek military help from Latin West for Byzantine Empire. Using their abundant attainments of classical culture, they participated in the movement of reviving ancient Greek culture in Italy, and had promoted the development of the Renaissance of Italy forcefully.

与此同时，拜占廷帝国面临奥斯曼土耳其的步步进逼，为了向西方寻求军事援助，大批拜占廷学者移居意大利，他们以其丰富的古典文化素养，积极参与意大利的古希腊文化复兴，有力地推动了意大利文艺复兴运动的发展。

The paper analyzes the text further by using Sontags viewpoint with the experience of her political trip to explore the traits of excessive decolonization in those former colonies including China for their efforts to eliminate the influence of colonization and fight against the encroachment of cultural imperialism in the early stage of the decolonization.

她清醒地认识到，&文化帝国主义&对中国，乃至东方的影响，她呼吁人们要正确认识和对待西方殖民传统，善意提醒第三世界国家在抵抗后殖民主义时，勿滑向非殖民化的极端，丧失自我文化和传统。

So agricultural civilization has shaped the culture which mainly claims the good and regards ethics as its own department. And this culture has determined moral character like selfconsciousness of Chinese people. Ancient western civilization belongs to marine culture. On the one hand, it encourages human beings'fighting against the nature and then cultivates the scientific rational spirit of controlling the nature; on the other hand, the development of commerce destroys the leading role of blood relationship in the whole social life and as a result, ethics and morality no longer play the dominant role.

因此，农业文明塑造的是主善的伦理本位的文化，由此决定了中国人的德性式的自我意识类型；西方古代文明属于海洋型文化，它一方面鼓励人对大自然的抗争，从而培养了有效地把握自然的科学理性精神，另一方面则因商业的发达而打破了血缘关系在社会生活中的支配地位，从而使伦理道德不在占有支配地位。

Chrysanthemum of 10 thousand birthday is lax to edaphic requirement, with the arenaceous qualitative loam with fecund, good drainage had better.

万寿菊对土壤要求不严，以肥沃。排水良好的砂质壤土为好。

He unstepped the mast and furled the sail and tied it.

他拔下桅杆，把帆卷起，系住。