效应基因

Root-lodging grade was significant correlation with height of plant and ear and number of brace root, but non-significant correlation with stem quality properties.

遗传分析表明，株高和穗位主要受基因非加性效应支配，环状气生根的基因加性和非加性效应相当，故对根倒伏的抗性应强调非等位基因的互作，亲本之一必须抗根倒才能有望配成抗根倒的杂交组合。

The results showed that:(1) we can mapping quantitative trait locus while estimating the variance component of QTL;(2) granddaughter design is better than daughter design when mapping QTL;(3) it is easy to map a QTL for trait with a high heriability and a large QTL variance contribution;(4) we can estimate the variance component of a QTL by TM-BLUP based on ML method whether the QTL has only 2 alleles or QTL has normal distributed alleles effects;(5) the estimation accuracy of variance component contributed by QTL was improved by using of grand daughter design;(6) the higher the heritability and the QTL variance contribution was, the more accurate estimation of QTL variance component.

结果表明：（1）采用随机QTL效应模型和最大似然法，在估计QTL方差组分的同时，能够定位QTL；（2）孙女设计与女儿设计相比，在其它因素相同时，容易检出QTL；（3）遗传力高，QTL方差贡献较大的性状，QTL检出的效果优于遗传力低，QTL方差贡献较小的性状；（4）无论QTL上有2个等位基因，还是QTL上等位基因的效应服从正态分布，都可将其看作随机效应，采用基于TM-BLUP的ML法，估计其方差组分和定位QTL；（5）QTL方差组分估计的准确性，孙女设计高于女儿设计；（6）遗传力高的性状，QTL方差贡献大的QTL，QTL方差组分估计的准确性高。

But more and more experimental data and QTL mapping showed that there exist major genes of large genetic effect besides the polygene with samll effect in quantitative traits.

但越来越多的试验数据和QTL作图结果表明，控制数量性状的基因体系中既有遗传效应较小的微效多基因，又有遗传效应较大的主基因。

The analysis of Wr+Vr showed that the additive effect was major and the susceptibility was partially dominant.The inheritance of resistance in the highly resistant accessions(Calhoun Gray、Sugerlee) to race1 conform to a single dominant gene conditioned the resistance and there was significant correlation between the genes controlling the characters.

试验结果表明：西瓜对枯萎病抗性是由隐性多基因控制，其遗传符合加性-显性模型，加性效应比显性效应更为重要，且感病对抗病表现为部分显性，显性方向指向增效，隐性基因为减效，在所有亲本中所携带的隐性基因比显性基因多。

Analysis of sex-linkage model shows that cocoon weight,cocoon shell weight andcocoon shell rate are controlled by additivity,dominance and sex-linkage of the gene effectsand interaction of genes and environment.

采用性连锁模型分析得知，全茧量、茧层量、茧层率三个性状受基因的加性效应、显性效应、性连锁效应等基因效应及其与环境互作的控制。

Sex-linkage model reveals that hybrid vigor rate is a complex function related withdominance of gene effects of hybrid,additivity and dominance of the parent genes,and ef-fects of sex-linked genes.Owing to interaction of genes and environment,hybrid vigor ratevaries with seasons.

性连锁模型揭示，杂种优势率是一个与杂交种的显性效应、亲本的加性效应、显性效应、性连锁效应等基因效应有关的复杂函数，由于基因与环境的互作，造成杂种优势率在不同季节表现不一致。

As to Balilla erect panicle type,(the same subject for the following 11-16), the curvature of panicle neck had a very significantly positive correlation with panicle length, neck panicle length, neck panicle internode length, the secondary internode length, leaf length and leaf sheath length, and had an opposite correlation with leaf width and density of seed setting.

来自吉林的直立穗型品系Z1和来自黑龙江的直立穗型品种龙交91060—2与巴利拉型直立穗型品种的直立穗其因分属于3个不同的位点，各自位于3对同源染色体上，彼此遵循基因的自由重组和独立分配规律。Z1由1对显性主效核基因控制，龙交91061—2由1对隐性主效核基因控制。3个直立穗型基因位点可能具有累加效应，直立穗型效应位点越多，则颈穗弯曲度越小，穗的直立性越强。

Additive effects were predominant, totally explained 75% of the phenotypic variation and often combined with digenic epistasis. Of 12 main QTLs,9 showed Gaoyou alleles decreasing plant height. Most QTLs with QE effects showed ecologically favourable alleles in diverse regions.

株高受多个QTL影响（12个位点具有加性或兼有环境互作效应，5个位点具有互作效应），以加性效应为主，加性效应总和可解释定位群体表型变异的75%左右，并多兼有上位性效应。12个主效QTL中，9个是&高油&等位基因相对&Sollux&有降低株高的作用，大多数加性×环境互作QTL的有效等位基因具有环境选择特异性。

Photosynthetic traits of Ningai 1 and its 4B-monosomic, nullisomic line were investigated in this paper(Rht3 gene was located in 4B-chromosome). 4B-chromosome has the positive effects on photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content, RuBP carboxy lase content and activity, leaf conductance, chlorophyll relatve steady phase and photosynthetic avtive duartion and these effects are accumlative. So 4B-chromosome has the promoting influence on photosynthesis.

本文系统地研究了带有Rht3基因的4B染色体二体(宁矮1号)、单体(宁矮1号M4B)、缺体(宁矮1号N4B)材料的光合特性，发现带有Rht3基因的4B染色体对光合速率、叶绿素含量、RuBP羧化酶含量及活性、叶片导度均有正效应，并有累加作用，而且对叶绿素含量缓降期和光合速率高值持续期也有正效应，因此带有Rht3基因的4B染色体具有促进光合作用的效应。

The experimental results showed that all characters accorded with the addi tiv e-dominant-epistatic model, the additive gene effect and dominant gene effect pl ayed an important role in most characters of 6 crosses, epistatic gene effects w ere significant in all crosses for the 6 investigated traits, additive generic g ene-effects were more important on the spikelets per panicle and spike lets density than its non-additive generic gene-effects (［h］+［j］+［l］), b ut the l atter were relatively more crucial on the days to heading and panicle length in the two tested lines.

结果表明：六个性状都符合加性-显性-上位性模型，加性效应对两个多小穗小麦品系各性状的遗传有重要作用，部分性状存在显著的显性效应，不同类型上位性效应对各性状有不同程度的影响；各性状之间各类基因效应平方和百分比差异较大，不同类型上位性基因效应平方和百分比大小因被测系、组合而异。

Chrysanthemum of 10 thousand birthday is lax to edaphic requirement, with the arenaceous qualitative loam with fecund, good drainage had better.

万寿菊对土壤要求不严，以肥沃。排水良好的砂质壤土为好。

He unstepped the mast and furled the sail and tied it.

他拔下桅杆，把帆卷起，系住。