对虾

In this paper, the ability and mechanism of antibacterial and immune defense ofChinese shrimp was studied using cytological, biochemical, molecular biological andproteomic methods. A sensitive and stable antibacterial and lysozyme assay methodswere selected. The effect of Vibrio anguillarum and laminarin (a kind of beta-1,3-glucan) on the immune ability of haemolymph of Chinese shrimp was analyzed.The changes of total haemocyte counts, antibacterial ability, lysozyme activity andlysosome membrane stability were detected.

本文采用细胞学，生物化学，分子生物学和蛋白质组学等技术，对对虾的抗菌能力和免疫防御机制进行研究，筛选了灵敏稳定的抑菌和溶菌检测方法；并对灭活鳗弧菌和海带多糖(laminarin，一种B-1， 3 葡聚糖)免疫诱导后的中国明对虾血细胞数目，血淋巴的抑菌活力，溶菌能力，溶酶体膜的稳定性进行分析；对两种重要免疫因子溶菌酶和精氨酸激酶进行克隆和表达分析。

Mab 2A3 against all haemocytes and Mab 1H11 specific to cytoplasmic granules in granular haemocytes were generated and employed to study the ontogenesis of haemocytes by IFAT in Chinese shrimp embryos of blastula, gastrula, limb bud stage, embryonic-nauplius and nauplius I stages.

1利用杂交瘤技术，论文制备了特异性识别中国对虾所有三类血细胞的单抗2A3和特异性识别中国对虾大颗粒血细胞中细胞质颗粒的单抗1H11。

With Mab 2A3, the first positive cells were detected at the limb bud stage of the embryos. Distinguishable positive haemocytes with a diameter of about 7μm appeared in embryonic-nauplius. At the following nauplius I stage, configuration of haemocytes became more integrated and clear. Their diameters were almost similar to those of haemocytes from adult shrimp. With Mab 1H11, the first positive granular haemocytes were identified at the stage of embryonic-nauplius which existed in clusters with positive punctate fluorescence of granules distributed around the periphery of granular haemocytes.

通过对包括囊胚期、原肠胚期、肢芽期、膜内无节幼体期和无节幼体Ⅰ期在内的中国对虾胚胎的间接免疫荧光检测，最早在肢芽期胚胎中检测到2A3阳性信号；在膜内无节幼体期，2A3阳性血细胞平均直径约7μm，聚集成簇；在无节幼体Ⅰ期，血细胞形态更加完整清晰，平均直径已与成体对虾血细胞相似。1H11阳性大颗粒细胞最早在膜内无节幼体期胚胎中出现，这些细胞同样成簇存在，在其细胞质外围可见点状荧光。

Compared with the effects of light density and light colour on the growth of Chinese shrimp in shrimp intensive culture, the choice of the photoperiod was minor.

与光照强度光谱组成对中国对虾生长的影响的研究结果相比，在中国对虾的集约化养殖生产中，光照周期的选择是次要的。

The successful induction of chromosome triploidy in prawn provided probability for the polyploid breeding in these species.

对虾三倍体的诱发成功，为对虾的我多倍体育种提供了可能。

The results were as follows: the activity of prawns was highest under the condition of pH 7.0, 35 ℃ using pyrocatechol as substrate; four inhibitors i.e ascorbic acid1 mg·mL~(-1, sodium sulphite2 mg·mL~(-1, phytic acid1 mL·L~(-1 and EDTA0.1 mg·mL~(-1 had some inhibiting effects on the PPO of prawns, in which the effect of phytic acid1 mL·L~(-1 was the best; the PPO activity of prawns increased gradurally during the storage period; the PPO activity of prawns was inhibited in vacuum environment, the lower the storing temperature was, the stronger the PPO activity was.

结果表明：以邻苯二酚为底物，虾PPO活性的最适pH为7。 0，最适温度为35 ℃；4种抑制剂(1 mg·mL-1抗坏血酸、2 mg·mL-1亚硫酸钠、1 mL·L-1植酸及0。 1 mg·mL-1EDTA)对南美白对虾PPO都表现出一定的抑制作用，以1 mL·L-1植酸抑制作用最强；南美白对虾在贮藏过程中PPO活性逐渐上升，真空环境中PPO活性受到抑制，贮藏温度越低，抑制作用越强。

The results showed that the top one protein with the highest mowse value: 268 was the tropomyosin of giant tiger prawn. There were 27 queries matched and the fraction of amino acid sequence coverages was 65%. The matching scores and the sequence coverages were also high with other invertebrates including copramite and silverfish.

结果表明刀额新对虾主要过敏原蛋白与斑节对虾原肌球蛋白匹配分值最高为268，吻合肽段27条，序列覆盖率为65%；与其它无脊椎动物如腐食酪螨、衣鱼等的原肌球蛋白的序列覆盖率也很高，分别达到了51%和53%。

The extracts of wild prawn were rich in glycine betaine and trimethylamine oxide, as compared with that of cultured prawn.

对虾中的甜菜碱含量较高，通过Focht比色法测得天然虾肉中含有800mg/100g，养殖对虾中含有418mg/100g。

Common Pacific white shrimp Juveniles with body weight of (1.01±0.05) g were fed diets supplemented with trimethylamine oxide at a level of 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 g/kg respectively for 8 weeks after a week of temporary feeding with basal diets.

选用经基础日粮暂养1周后尾均初始体重为(1.01±0.05)g的健康南美白对虾为试验动物，以基础日粮为对照组，在基础日粮中分别添加2，4，6和8g/kg氧化三甲胺为试验组，每组均设3个重复，饲喂8周，研究TMAO对南美白对虾生长、养分消化率和消化酶活性的影响。

After oral administration, IgY could be detected at rectum, bloodlymph and also in hepaticopancrea of shrimp which lasts about 12~24 h. The death rate within 7 days of the tested group was 15%, significantly lower than that of the control (60%, P.01), showing good protection of IgY from vibrion infection.

IgY对鳗弧菌的感染有可靠的保护作用，IgY经口服后很快到达直肠，继而血淋巴、肝胰脏中也出现抗体，并可持续12~24 h；投喂IgY的试验组对虾在7 d内的死亡率为15%，极显著地低于对照组对虾的同期死亡率（为60%）。

He and Nina moved to California and lived at 2005 Ivar Street, Apt.

他和Nina搬到加州，并在2005年伊瓦尔街，公寓生活。

Droperidol （ potently inhibits transfected HERGchannels and this is the probable mechanism for QT prolongation.

氟哌利多有效地抑制了转染的 HERG 钾通道，可能是 QT 间期延长的机制。