反应时间

Effects of temperature, reaction time, methylating agent, solvent, molar ratio of nitromethane and carbon bisulfide on yield of 1,1-bis-2-nitroethane were discussed.

考察了反应温度、反应时间、甲基化试剂、溶剂、投料比等对于反应产物的影响，得到优化工艺条件为：反应温度35℃，反应时间3h。

The effects of various factors on the reaction were studied.It has been found that the optimum reaction conditions are that the amount of catalyst is 13.3% of the amount of cyclohexanol, the reaction time is 80 minutes and the reaction temperature is 200~210℃.

考察了催化剂用量、反应温度、反应时间等因素对脱水反应的影响，得出了其最佳的反应条件：催化剂用量为环己醇质量的13.3%，反应时间80 m in，油浴温度200~210℃。

Results of our experiments showed that the depolymerization rate of chitosan depended on the reaction temperature, the reaction time and the concentration of hydrogen peroxide.

实验结果显示，几丁聚醣之去聚合反应受到反应温度、反应时间及过氧化氢浓度的影响，当反应温度为60℃，反应时间为两小时且过氧化氢浓度为2 M时，可得到分子量约四万的几丁聚醣。

The suitable synthesis conditions were defined as follows: the molar ratio of DCPP and resorcin was 2.1:1;the dosage of catalyst made by myself was 1.5% of the amount of the resorcinol;the first reaction temperature was 120～130℃,the reaction time was about 60min,the second reaction temperature was160～170℃,the reaction time was 60min,the third reaction temperature reaches to 210～220℃ for removing the unreacted phenol and superfluous DCPP.

确定了反应的最佳工艺条件：DCPP和间苯二酚的物质的量之比为2.1：1；使用自制的催化剂，用量为间苯二酚质量的1.5％；起始反应温度为120～130℃，反应时间约为1h；第二步反应温度为160～170℃，反应时间约为1h，最后把温度升到210～220℃除去残留在产品中的苯酚和过量的DCPP，产品收率约为92.0％。

The results show that a little amount of heteropolymolybdovanadophosphate can remarkably speed the degradation, the best conditions of the oxidative degradation of chitosan with hydrogen peroxide catalized by heteropolymolybdovanadophosphate in homogeneous condition are as follows: the ratio of catalyst and chitosan is 1 to 10, concentration of hydrogen peroxide is 0.15%, the temperature is 80℃, reaction time is 2h. 0.2g chitosan was degraded under the best condition and the molecular weight by viscometry was degraded from 1460000 to 7812. then water-soluble chitosan was obtained by this method; The heterogeneous method is a high efficient way, the best condition of this method are as follows: the ratio of catalyst and chitosan is 2 to 100, the volume of 30% hydrogen peroxide is about 3mL, the temperature is 90℃, reaction time is 5min～30min.

研究结果表明，适量磷钼钒的存在可显著加速壳聚糖的降解，磷钼钒催化过氧化氢均相氧化降解壳聚糖的适宜反应条件是：催化剂与壳聚糖的质量比为1∶10、过氧化氢百分浓度为0.15％、反应温度为80℃、反应时间为2h，在此条件下对0.2g溶解在100 mL 0.5％稀醋酸中的壳聚糖进行降解，可使壳聚糖的粘均分子量由原来的146万下降到七千多(7812)，成为水溶性低分子量壳聚糖，从而达到应用的要求；在异相条件下以磷钼钒为催化剂催化过氧化氢氧化降解壳聚糖是一种高效快速的方法，此法降解壳聚糖的最佳反应条件是：催化剂与壳聚糖的质量比为2∶100；30％过氧化氢的用量为3mL左右；反应温度为90℃、反应时间为5min～30min。

Solid superacids SO~2-_4/TiO_2-Al_2O_3 were prepared and used to catalyze the esterfication of iso-octyl alcohol and by-products in oxidization reaction of durene,which were pretreated before esterifying reaction.

考察了催化剂用量、异辛醇与混合酸的质量比、反应时间等因素对酯化反应的影响，确定了较佳的反应工艺条件：m∶m∶m=0.01∶3.18∶1，反应时间为3 h，在此反应条件下预处理后的混合酸转化率可达到99.9%。

The optimum synthetic conditions of hexadecanoic acid diethanolamide used two-step method are as follows:(1)reaction temperature was 140℃, reaction time was 4.5hours and molar ratio of hexadecanoic acid to diethanolamide was 1:1.15.(2)reaction temperature was 80℃, molar ratio of hexadecanoic acid to diethanolamide was 1:1.55 and mass concentration of the catalyst was 0.8%, reaction time was 3 hours.

二步法合成十六酸二乙醇酰胺最佳合成工艺为：(1)反应温度140℃、反应摩尔比n十六酸∶n二乙醇胺=1∶1.15、反应时间4.5h；(2)反应温度80℃、反应总摩尔比n十六酸∶n二乙醇胺=1∶1.55、催化剂用量0.8%、反应时间3h。

The results show that the optimal parameters of esterification are as follows: 4% of SO42-/ZrO2, molar ratio of methanol to litsea cubeba kernel oil 101, 68 ℃ of reaction temperature and 4 h of reaction time, the acid value decreases to 2.52 mg/g. Compared with the traditional acidic-catalyzed method, this method has the advantages of no acid proof equipment, easy to recycle catalyst and no acidic waste water emission. The optimal parameters of transesterification are as follows: 25 ℃ of reaction temperature, 0.5% of hexadecyl-trimethyl-ammonium bromide, 1% of NaOH, molar ratio of methanol to the oil 61 and 15 min of reaction time. The ester exchanging rate is 97.6%. This method adopts phase transfer catalyst and produces industry prospect, which has many advantages such as energy-saving and time-saving under room temperature.

研究结果表明，固体酸SO42-/ZrO2催化酯化反应的最佳条件为：油重4%的SO42-/ZrO2，醇油摩尔比为101，温度为68 ℃，反应时间为4 h，原油酸值降到2.52 mg/g；该法相对浓硫酸催化酯化法具有不需耐酸设备、催化剂易回收、无废水排放等优点；相转移催化酯交换反应的最佳条件为：温度为 25 ℃，0.5%的十六烷基三甲基溴化铵，油重1%的NaOH，醇油摩尔比为61，反应15 min，原油酯交换率达到97.6%；采用相转移催化技术，反应在常温下进行，大大减少了能耗，缩短了反应时间，具有的产业化前景。

However, it did not mean that the catalyst was not deactivating during this period. The breakthrough time was the most important basis to determine the reaction time in fixed bed reactor. The influence of some kinds of operating factors on the breakthrough time was studied.

从反应开始到反应器出口反应物浓度开始增加的这段时间，即穿透时间，是固定床反应器中反应时间确定的重要判据，研究了各种因素对穿透时间的影响。

The traditional technology of iron carbide production exists the problem that the reaction time is too long. The research of adding the additive into the ore of the fluid-bed was carried out in order to find the catalyst of this reaction. It was found out that K2CO3 and CaCl2 can be the catalysts of this reaction. The reacting time and equilibrium data in addition of K2CO3 and CaCl2 were examined and were campared with the contrastive experimental results respectively. The theoretical dynamics analysis also reveals that both K2CO3 and CaCl2 can accelerate the iron carbide forming reaction.

摘 要：传统的碳化铁生产工艺存在反应时间较长的难题，为此通过在流化床入炉矿石中配加部分添加剂的还原实验研究，以寻求该反应可能的催化剂，缩短反应时间，提高碳化铁生产效率和经济效益采用CaCl2和K2CO3作为反应的催化剂，利用反应所测数据，与对比实验相比较，并结合动力学分析，得出CaCl2和K2CO3可以加速碳化铁还原反应进行的结论。

Chrysanthemum of 10 thousand birthday is lax to edaphic requirement, with the arenaceous qualitative loam with fecund, good drainage had better.

万寿菊对土壤要求不严，以肥沃。排水良好的砂质壤土为好。

He unstepped the mast and furled the sail and tied it.

他拔下桅杆，把帆卷起，系住。