反应时间

The invention relates to a process for producing polyethylene terephthalate 1, 3-propanediol, which comprises the following steps: using titanic acid ester as major catalyst, using germanium compounds and cobalt compounds as synergic catalyst, conducting esterification reaction for poly terephthalic acid and 1, 3-propanediol according to the molar 1:1.05-2.2 under the nitrogen pressure of 0.1-0.4MPa and 230-265 DEG C, or conducting ester exchanging reaction for poly terephthalic acid and 1, 3-propanediol according to the molar ratio 1:1.8-2.2 in 160-220 DEG C, decompressing reaction to high vacuum 10-150Pa, wherein the final temperature of reaction is 265-275 DEG C, recovering to normal pressure with nitrogen to obtain the PTT product.

本发明涉及一种生产聚对苯二甲酸1，3-丙二醇酯的方法，采用以钛酸酯为主催化剂，锗化合物和钴化合物为协同催化剂，对苯二甲酸二甲酯和1，3-丙二醇按摩尔1∶1.05-2.2，在0.1-0.4MPa氮气压力和230-265℃下进行酯化反应，或对苯二甲酸二甲酯和1，3-丙二醇按摩尔比1∶1.8-2.2，在160-220℃进行酯交换反应，将反应减压至高真空10-150Pa，反应终温在265-275℃，用氮气恢复到常压，得到本PTT产品；大大缩短了反应时间，直接聚合制备特性粘度在0.7-1.05dL/g的PTT切片，使反应产物色相良好，PTT产品可用于纤维加工及工程塑料领域。

The E-TOF will also be feasible and practical to assist chemists in screening the optimal reaction condition or evaluating the overall efficiency of different catalytic systems for a specific asymmetric reaction.4.For the first time,we explored chiralγ-hydroxy-α,β-acetylenic esters,which were prepared via asymmetric alkynylation,as key intermediates to the synthesis of chiralγ-butyrolactones. This convergent and enantioselective approach to chiralγ-butyrolactones is practical and easily handled with protecting group free.

这一概念包括反应产率、对映选择性、配体用量以及反应时间四个重要反应参数，不仅适用同一反应不同催化体系的横向综合性评价，而且适用于某一特定反应催化体系的优化过程，有助于研究人员选择最佳的反应条件。4、我们发展了以手性γ-羟基-α，β-炔酸酯为关键中间体完成了手性γ-丁内酯类天然产物的对映立体选择性全合成，该关键中间体能够以我们的催化体系方便的对映选择性合成，之后的官能团转换方法成熟，易于操作，无需进行繁琐的官能团保护和脱保护过程，绿色经济。

In the Cu-catalyzed enantioselective 1,4-conjugate addition of diethylzinc to acyclic enones, the reaction conditions, such as the amount of diethylzinc, solvents, temperature and the reaction time, were investigated in detail with 9a as the standard ligand and chalcone as the typical substrate.

考察了Et_2Zn量、溶剂、反应温度和反应时间等因素对反应的影响，得到了配体与Cu的摩尔比为2.5、1.5倍Et_2Zn用量、甲苯为反应溶剂、-20℃下反应6小时为不对称催化1，4-共轭加成的优化反应条件。

Potassium salt of dicyclopentadienyl dicarboxylate DCPD(COOK2 was applied to CPE as crosslinking agent and a crosslinked product with 81.79% gel content was obtained in solution reaction.

以溶液反应法研究了CPE与DCPD：的交联反应，制得了凝胶量在80%以上的共价交联CPE，考察了不同牌号CPE、催化剂及其用量、反应温度、反应时间及其交联剂用量对CPE凝胶形成量的影响；通过对比实验和IR谱图证明了该凝胶确由CPE与DCPD：经双端醋化反应生成；通过反应溶解性实验验证了共价交联CPE的热可逆转化特性。

The optimum reaction conditions were that the molar ratio of maleic anhydride and p-nitroaniline was 1.2:1, the volume ratio of toluene and DMF was 10:1, the amination temperature was 20~30℃ the cyclization temperature was 145~150℃ and the cyclization time was 6 h over; the amount of p-toluene sulfonic acid was 12% of total reactant mass, the amount of copper sulfate was 0.1~0.5% of total reactant mass, the amount of hydroquinol was 0.1% of total reactant mass.

得到的最佳工艺条件是：n：n为1.2：1，V：V为10：1；胺化反应温度为20~30℃，环化反应温度为140~150℃，环化反应时间为6h以上；对甲基苯磺酸用量为反应物总质量的1%~2%；硫酸铜用量为反应物总质量的0.1%~0.5%；对苯二酚用量为反应物总质量的0.1%。

By means of molecular designing, a series of sodium branched-alkyl benzene sulfonates weresynthesized through seven process, involving Frieded-Crafts reaction, Grignard reaction, sulfonationand neutralization. Those isomers have similar structure, carbons of same quantity, but the position ofalkylaryl dissimilarity. Liner fat acid, metaxylene and halogenated hydrocarbon of different carbonnumber were used as the starting materials. Optimum processing condition was confirmed consideringinfluence of a series of reaction factors such as feed proportioning, quantity of catalysts, quantitysolvent, reaction time, temperature and pressure. Eight kinds of isomers of sodium hexadecylxylolsulfonates were finally synthesized, and characterized by FT-IR.

本文通过分子设计，以不同碳数直链脂肪酸、间二甲苯以及不同碳数的卤代烷为原料，经酰基化、格氏反应、加氢还原、磺化及中和等反应，合成了结构相似、烷烃链碳数一定、芳基在烷烃链不同位置的烷基芳基磺酸盐同分异构体；并考察了原料配比、催化剂用量、反应时间、反应温度、溶剂用量、反应压力等一系列因素对各反应的影响，进而确定最佳工艺条件，最终合成出十六烷基二甲苯磺酸钠的八种同分异构体，利用 FT-IR 对产物结构进行了分析。

The experimental results showed that, monochloroacetic acid and dichloroacetic acid enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen generation activity, but trichloroacetic acid did not improve it. The amount of produced H_2 increases almost proportionally to the irradiation time within 5 h irradiation. The photocatalytic oxidation of monochloroacetic acid and dichloroacetic acid mainly produced CO_2, HC1 and CH_2O, the photocatalytic oxidation of trichloroacetic acid mainly produced CO_2 and HCl.

实验表明，一氯乙酸、二氯乙酸的存在明显地提高了制氢反应效率，而三氯乙酸的存在却不能起到促进作用；反应5h内，反应生成氢的量与反应时间成线性关系；一氯乙酸、二氯乙酸光降解产物主要是CO_2、HCl和CH_2O，三氯乙酸光降解产物主要是CO_2和HCl；研究了溶液pH值对放氢反应的影响；在实验浓度范围内，一氯乙酸、二氯乙酸浓度对放氢反应的影响，表观上符合Langmuir-Hinshelwood关系式；考察了一氯乙酸、二氯乙酸在光催化剂表面的吸附。

The application results from fluorination showed microwave heating could accelerate chemical reactions markedly. The reaction time could be shortened 50% at least than that of conventional heating. The relationship between fluorinating agents\' structure and their activity was studied systematically. In addition, an anhydrous KF with higher activity was prepared by using expansion effect of microwave heating. As we known, solvents were very important to reaction. The comprehensive study showed some less polar aromatic solvents could be used as dipolar solvents. In addition, they had better effect than dipolar solvents in some occasions, such as fluorination of chlorobenzaldehydes and chlorinated diphenyl ketones etc. The primary applications of ionic liquids were also studied which indicated reactions with ionic liquids as solvents were more efficient and simple.

研究表明，微波是一种节能高效的加热方式，在微波作用下的卤素交换氟化反应具有反应速度快、转化率高、选择性好的优点，其反应时间可较常规加热缩短50%以上；同时也系统地研究了氟化剂种类及制备方式对其反应活性的影响，并利用微波加热的膨化作用制备出了一种活性较高的KF，其活性与喷雾干燥KF相差不大；溶剂对反应具有重要的作用，在此系统地研究了强极性非质子溶剂和中等极性非质子溶剂的应用情况，发现一些中等极性的非质子溶剂如硝基芳烃和氯代芳烃类溶剂在氯代苯甲醛类化合物的氟化反应中具有比强极性非质子溶剂更好的使用效果。

A synthesis method of 2-(2'-hydroxyl-4'-benzoyloxy-phenyl)-2H-benzotriazole and derivatives thereof is provided, and is characterized in that 2-(2', 4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-X-2H-benzotriazole and benzoyl chloride are taken as raw materials for reaction in solvent for 1-8 hours under the temperature of 50-140 DEC C with the mole ratio of 1 to 0.95-1.1, wherein, the amount of the solvent is 2 to 20 times that of the 2-(2', 4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-X-2H-benzotriazole and X represents H, F, Cl, Br.

一种2-(2′-羟基-4′-苯甲酸基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑及其衍生物的合成方法，其特征是，以2-(2′，4′-二羟基苯基)-5-X-2H-苯并三唑和苯甲酰氯为原料，在溶剂中进行反应，反应温度50℃～140℃，反应时间1～8小时，反应原料摩尔比2-(2′，4′-二羟基苯基)-5-X-2H-苯并三唑∶苯甲酰氯为1∶0.95～1.1，溶剂用量为2-(2′，4′-二羟基苯基)-5-X-2H-苯并三唑重量的2～20倍，其中X代表H、F、Cl、Br，具有反应条件温和、反应收率高和产物纯度高的特点。

Novozym 435 was used for the synthesis of vitamin A plamitate. The influences of solvent, the molar ratio of substrates, the reaction temperature and time, and the water concentration were optimized and the best result was obtained by interesterification from 0.200 g vitamin A acetate and 0.468 g palmitic acid, at 30℃, in 10 mL hexane, containing 0% of water, with 10% of lipase(mass ratio, immobilized lipase to vitamin A plamitate). In these conditions, 75% of vitamin A acetate was converted into vitamin A plamitate. The immobilized lipase was reused about 6 batches.

对催化合成维生素A棕榈酸酯反应的脂肪酶和反应介质比较，同时对影响合成维生素A棕榈酸酯反应的因素（温度、初始水含量、底物摩尔比、反应时间和酶量等）进行了探讨，优化了反应条件：在10 mL不含水分的正己烷中，0.200 g 维生素A醋酸酯和0.468 g棕榈酸在酶量为10％（指固定化酶与维生素A醋酸酯的质量比）的固定化脂肪酶催化下，在 30℃、190 r/min下反应6 h，转化率可以达到75%，固定化酶可连续使用6次以上。

Since historical times,England ,where the early inhabitants were Celts, has been conquered three times .

从有历史以来，英国，在此地早期居住的是凯尔特人，已经被征服了三次。

Bluetooth OBEX File Transfer Enables the sending and receiving of files on your phone via Bluetooth.

蓝牙OBEX文件移动允许经过蓝牙传送和接受文件。。。。