共同海损

This thesis focuses on the conceptions and the relation between the Salvage Charges, the Sue and Labour and the General Average, and other issues related in theory and practice. The aim of the this thesis is to definitude the scope that the above three issues apply to in the practice, and try to provide some relevant advices to perfect the marine insurance justice practice in China through contrast with the relevant practice of the common law of England.

本文将结合英国海上保险的理论和实践对救助、共同海损和施救费用这三者的各自的概念、它们的相关问题以及它们之间的关系进行研究，以明确这三者在实践中的适用范围，并通过对比英国的相关作法，为我国海上保险司法实践的完善提出相应的意见。

This Clause 12, which does not apply to general average or salvage charges, shall be subject to the exclusions contained in Clauses 4,5,6 and 7 above, and shall not include charges arising from the fault negligence insolvency or financial default of the Assured or their servants.

对共同海损和救助费用的本条规定，须受上述第4，5，6 和7条所包含的除外责任的制约，且不包括因被保险人或其雇员的过错、疏忽、无偿付能力或财务困境而引起的费用。

This Clause 12, which does not apply to general average or salvage charges, shall be subject to the exclusions contained in Clause 4,5,6 and 7 above, and shall not include charges arising from the fault negligence insolvency or financial default of the Assured or their servants.

对共同海损和救助费用不适用的本条规定，须受上述第4、5、6和7条所包含的除外责任的制约，且不包括因被保险人或其雇员的过错、疏忽、无偿付能力或财务困境而引起的费用。

Expenses incurred by or on behalf of the assured for the safety or preservation of the subject matter insured, other than general average and salvage charges, are called particular charges.

除共同海损和救助费用外，由被保险人或代表被保险人，为保险标的的安全或保存保险标的所产生的费用，叫特别费用。

Expenses incurred by or on behalf of the assured for the safety or preservation of the subject-matter insured, other than general average and salvage charges, are called particular charges

除共同海损和救助费用外，由被保险人或代表被保险人，为保险标的的安全或保存保险标的所产生的费用，叫做特别费用。

1 This insurance covers the proportion of general average salvage and/or salvage charges attaching to freight at risk of the Assured, reduced in respect of any under-insurance.

11.1 本保险承保保险船舶按比例分摊的救助、救助费用及/或共同海损，并对任何不足额保险作相应扣减

However, the ship interests'exemptible fault will not preclude its entitlement to contribution if a Jason Clause or other similar clauses have been inserted in the bill of lading or the charter.

但是在共同海损由船方依法可免责的过失引起的场合，若船货双方在运输合同中订有&杰森条款&或类似条款，则船方的分摊权利可以得到法律的认可和保护。

In Chapter 4, the Writer indicates that G.A itself has the insolvable problems in adjustment and distribution. These problems would be exposed more evidently when the UNCITRAL Transport Law Convention abolished the Exemption of Nautical Fault.

在本文的第四章作者介绍了共同海损制度本身在理算和分摊方面存在的难以克服的问题，尤其在 UNCITRAL 《运输法公约》取消了航海过失免责之后，这些问题将暴露地更为明显。

Addresses the carriage of goods, towage, charter parties, marine pollution, and marine insurance, including general average.

书中涉及了货物运输、拖航、船舶租赁、海洋污染和保险，包括共同海损。

Damage done to a ship and cargo, or either of them, by water or otherwise, including damage by beaching or scuttling a burning ship, in extinguishing a fire on board the ship, shall be made good as general average; except that no compensation shall be made for damage by smoke however caused or by heat of the fire.

为了扑灭船上火灾，因水或其他原因使船舶、货物遭受损坏，包括将着火船舶搁浅或凿沉所造成的损坏，均应作为共同海损受到补偿。但由于烟熏或因火引起热烤所造成的损坏除外。

If you are unfortunate enough to the lovelorn, please tell me, I will help you out, really, please contact me!

如果你不幸失恋了，请告诉我，我会帮助你摆脱困境，真的，请联系我啦！

China's plan to cut energy intensity by 20 percent and pollutant discharges by 10 percent between 2006 and 2010 is a case in point.

中国计划在2006年到2010间降低20%的能源强度和减少10%的主要污染物排放，就是一个这样的例子。