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0Mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine was the optimal concentration of shoots quantity inducing which frequency of inducing shoots and number of shoots per explant were 100% and 11.1 respectively. 0.5mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine was the optimal concentration of shoots length inducing which average length of shoots was 12.0mm. Explant size had significantly effects on direct shoots quantity and length induction. When complete cotyledon used as explant, frequency of inducing shoots, number of shoots per explant and average length of shoots could approach to 100%, 6.7 and 17.1mm respectively. 2.0mg/L silver nitrate could significantly increase shoot quantity induction, both frequency of inducing shoots and number of shoots per explant could be as high as 97.2% and 4.2 respectively. But silver nitrate also could restrain shoots elongation.

结果表明：不同黄瓜品种直接不定芽数量诱导存在显著差异，但长度诱导无显著差异；6-苄氨基嘌呤对直接不定芽数量和长度的诱导作用显著，其中4.0mg/L为数量诱导适宜浓度，其出芽率和每外植体出芽数达到最高，分别为100.0%和11.1，0.5mg/L为长度诱导适宜浓度，其平均芽长12.0mm；外植体的大小对直接不定芽数量和长度均具显著影响，随着子叶的增大诱导直接不定芽的数量和长度增加，其中单片完整子叶为最适宜大小，其出芽率、每外植体出芽数和平均芽长分别达到100%、6.7和17.1mm；硝酸银也对直接不定芽数量诱导影响显著，其中2.0mg/L为适宜浓度，出芽率和每外植体出芽数分别达到97.2%和4.2，但对芽长有抑制作用。

Among them Rosa and Cotoneaster are most abundant, have respectively 13 species and 12 species, secondly Rubus and Prunus have respectively 9 species and 8 species, these 4 genera account for 70% of Rosaceae wild fruit trees of Qinghai province. There are 3 fruit types that are pome, aggregate and drupe, among them the pome and aggregate have a greater proportion, respectively share 45% and 40% of the whole species numbers.

其中以蔷薇属和栒子属最为丰富，分别有13种、12种，其次悬钩子属和李属分别有9种、8种，这4个属的种类占青海蔷薇科野生果树的70%；果实类型有梨果、聚合果、核果3种类型，其中梨果类、聚合果类占有较大比例，分别占总种数的45%和40%。

The minimum inhibitory concentrations of 1.5% Kathan for Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum, F. moniliforme, Trichothecium roseum, Verticillium dahliae, and Phytophthora boehmeriae were 40, 40, 20, 20, and 2 mg/L, respectively, while EC50s were 9.20, 0.785, 0.695, 2.84, and 0.346 mg/L, respectively. MIC of 1.5% Kathan for Xanthomonas oryzae Dowson, Erwinia carotovora PV. carotovora were 1 and 10 mg/L, respectively. These results suggest that Kathan has good inhibitory activity against the 7 pathogens tested, especially against P. boehmeriae and X.

结果表明，1.5%卡松对棉花枯萎病菌的MIC和EC50分别为40mg/L和9.2034mg/L，对棉花红腐病菌的MIC和EC50分别为40mg/L和0.7845mg/L，对棉花红粉病菌的MIC和EC50分别为20mg/L和0.6951mg/L，对棉花黄萎病菌的MIC和EC50分别为20mg/L和2.8383mg/L，对棉花疫病菌的MIC和EC50分别为2mg/L和0.3459mg/L；对水稻白叶枯病菌和大白菜软腐病菌的MIC分别为1mg/L和10mg/L；说明该药剂对供试7种植物病原菌均具有良好的抑制活性，尤以对棉花疫病菌和水稻白叶枯病菌的抑制活性较强。

The main results were as follows. The main nutrition bioactive components in Opuntia Milpa Alta were analyzed using chemical and instrumental analytical methods. The results showed that the content of crude protein and fat was 0.65%～0.68% and 0.30%～0.31% respectively. The total content of the amino acids was 6.81%～7.38%, and Glu was 1.08%～1.52%.The contents of pectin and cellulose was 1.47%～1.68%, 0.87%～1.22% respectively. They were oxalate free and rich in Ca 5.6%, Fe 8.06mg/100g, Zn 3.30mg/100g, VB6 5.62mg/100g, low in tannin 0.02%～0.04%.The bioactive matter content such as polysaccharide, polyphenol, and flavone were high, about 1.27%, 63.14mg/100g, 36.21mg/100g respectively.

主要研究内容如下：采用化学和仪器分析方法，对米邦塔仙人掌中的主要营养和生理活性成分进行分析，结果表明，粗蛋白含量为0.65%～0.68%，脂肪含量为0.30%～0.31%；氨基酸总量为6.81%～7.38%，其中谷氨酸含量达1.08%～1.52%；果胶、膳食纤维分别为1.47%～1.68%和0.87%～1.22%；干样钙含量5.6%，铁8.06mg/100g，锌3.30mg/100g；B族维生素丰富，其中干样VB6含量5.62mg/100g；单宁0.02%～0.04%；不含草酸；生理活性物质如粗多糖、多酚、黄酮类物质分别约为1.27%、63.14mg/100g、36.21mg/100g，半乳糖约占多糖中单糖总量的80%；HPLC检测出8种酚类物质，绿原酸含量最多达42.40μg/g，其次是芦丁和槲皮素，其含量分别为25.02μg/g和10.91μg/g。

In order to diagnose disease caused by muscovy duck parvovirus rapidly and accurately, and at same time, further study the taxonomic relationship between muscovy duck parivovirus and goose parvovirus, two pairs of PCR primers (LHMP1/LHMP2 and LHGP1/LHGP2) were designed respectively base on complete nucleotide sequences of Muscovy duck and Goose parvoviruses registered in the GenBank, The LHMP1 for the upper one and the LHMP2 for the lower one, corresponding to the specific nucleotides sequence 454-472 and 1173-1155 respectively in MDPV, and the LHGP1 for the the upper one and the LHGP2 for the lower one, corresponding to the specific nucleotides sequence 454-472 and 1173-1155 respectively in GPV.

为了能快速、准确地对番鸭细小病毒病进行诊断，同时为了能进一步弄清番鸭细小病毒与鹅细小病毒在分类学上是一种怎样的关系，比较GenBank中MDPV和GPV的基因序列，针对这两种病毒左阅读框编码非结构蛋白基因序列的相同区段，分别构建两对PCR引物。第一对引物LHMP1／LHMP2是根据MDPV的基因序列设计的，上游引物针对MDPV基因序列的454～472；下游引物针对基因序列的1173～1155，为19个碱基，扩增跨幅为719bp。

And the leaf transportation percentage of 14C photoassimilates was 14.6% increased.The 14C-soluble sugar distribution percentage of CCC treatment in leaf and stem were less than those of the control,respectively,but the 14C-soluble sugar distribution percentage of CCC treatment in tuber and root were more than those of the control,respectively.The 14C-starch distribution percentage of CCC treatment in leaf,stem and root were less than those of the control,respectively.but the 14C-starch distribution percentage of CCC treatment in tuber was more than that of the control.The radioautography also indicated that photosynthate transport from top tissues to tubers was faster in CCC treatment than that in control.These results showed that appropriate concentrations at 1.5 g L-1 of CCC significantly improved the photosynthetic characteristics,transport and distribution capability of photoassimilates in potato,and as a result tuber yield would be increased.The pattern of translocation shown is held to reflect the activities of the various metabolic sources and sinks,the activities of these sources and sinks being hormonally controlled.

和叶运输的百分比为14 C photoassimilates为14.6 ％升高为14 C -可溶性糖分配的百分比CCC认证，在治疗叶和茎均小于那些控制，分别为，但14碳-可溶性糖分配的百分比中华基督教会在治疗块茎和根多于那些控制，分别为14 C -淀粉分配的百分比CCC认证治疗叶，茎，根均小于那些控制， respectively.but了14 C的淀粉分布的百分比CCC认证的待遇是块茎以上的对照radioautography还表示，光合产物的运输，从顶端组织，以块茎快，在CCC认证的待遇比在control.these结果表明，适当浓度一点五克L - 1的CCC产品大大提高了光合特性，运输和分配的能力， photoassimilates在马铃薯，结果块茎产量将增加，模式易位显示举行，以反映活动的各种代谢源和汇，这些活动的源和汇正激素的控制。

The optimum hydrolytic conditions of razor clam for neutral protease were : enzyme concentration 2.4%, hydrolysis temperature 50癈, substrate concentration 1:3, pH 7 and reaction time 6 hrs with the degree of hydrolysis and extraction rate of total nitrogen 42.46% and 83.04% respectively; and foracid protease they were: en/yme concentration 6.0%, hydrolysis temperature 50癈, substrate concentration 1:4, pH3.5 and reaction time 5 hrs with the degree of hydrolysis and extraction rate of total nitrogen 46.37% and 87.94% respectively, the hydrolysate being clear light yellow. For the combination of two kinds of proteases they were: first hydrolyzing with 2.6% f 1 avouryme for 3 hrs, then hydrolyzing with 2.4% neutral protease for 3 hrs with the degree of hydrolysis and extraction rtiie of total nitrogen 4-1.57% and 86.95% respectively.

最后综合考虑了水解率、总氮回收率和水解液的色泽、澄清度等指标，得出了较适宜的酶种为单酶以枯草杆菌中性蛋白酶和酸性蛋白酶效果较好，双酶以风味蛋白酶与枯草杆菌中性蛋白酶双酶组合水解效果较好，其适宜的水解工艺条件分别为：枯草杆菌中性蛋白酶加酶量为2.4%，水解温度50℃，料水比1：3，pH值中性条件下水解6h，绕蛙蛋白质的水解率和总氮回收率分别为42.46%和83.04%；酸性蛋白酶水解编蛙肉的适宜的工艺条件为加酶量6.0%、水解温度50℃，料水比l：4，pH值3.5条件下水解sh，水解率为46.37%，总氮回收率为87.94%，水解液呈较清澈的淡黄色；双酶采用先用2.6%风味酶水解3h后，再加入2.4%中性蛋白酶水解3h，水解率达44.57%，总氮回收率为86.95%。

Contents of salidroside and tyrosol in Rhodiola roots were determined. Salidroside content was 2.147%, the highest in Rh. sacra from Tibet, then in Rh. crenulata and Rh. tibetica from Tibet, 1.763% and 1.271%, respectively; tyrosol content was 0.2985%, the highest in Rh. crenulata from Sichuan, then in Rh. tibetica and Rh. crenulata from Tibet, 0.2143% and 0.1836%, respectively; whereas both contents were very low in Rh. jistigiata and Rh. kirilowii from Sichuan with salidroside contents of only 0.034% and 0.003%, and tyrosol contents of 0.0164% and 0.0048%,respectively.

分别测定了不同产地的红景天属植物中红景天苷和酪醇的含量，西藏产圣地红景天中红景天苷含量最高，达到2.147%，其次为藏产大花红景天和西藏红景天，分别为1.763%和1.271%；四川产大花红景天中酪醇含量最高，为0.2985%，其次是藏产西藏红景天和大花红景天，分别为0.2143%和0.1836%；长鞭红景天和狭叶红景天中2种有效成分的含量均很低，红景天苷含量仅为0.034%和0.003%，酪醇含量则分别为0.0164%和0.0048%。

Firstly, normal mice was given orally by SM(qd×2d), and the dysbacteriosis were caused in them ,and then they were given orally by STM,these mice were formed experimental salmonellosis models ,finally these salmonellosis models were treated by bifidobacterium ,and count respectively the cfu/g of STM number in the mice excrement during different time of therapy,detect the index numbers of liver and spleen respectively, detect content of TNF-a in blood and in spleen respectively.

先用硫酸链霉素给正常小鼠灌胃2d，出现菌群失调症状，再用STM灌胃造成小鼠STM感染，使用两岐双岐杆菌液干预治疗STM感染小鼠，检测不同治疗时间各组小鼠粪便STM菌落数、肝脾指数、血及脾中TNF-a的含量。采用SPSS12.0统计软件包进行数据处理分析，统计学方法采用双因素重复测量资料的方差分析、单因素随机化设计的方差分析、卡方检验、多组均数比较的非参数秩和检验。结果：随着治疗天数的增加，STM菌落数逐渐减少，未干预组、生理盐水组及双歧杆菌组比较结果均为P＜0.01；组间比较，双歧杆菌组STM数下降最快。

The average recoveries were 60.2%~125% and 64.5%~126% for the drugs in plasma and urine except those of perphenazine, thioridazine and chloropromazine in plasma were 37.6%~57.5%, 36.3%~48.3%, 52.4%~67.4%, respectively; trazodone and diazepam in urine were 100%~142% and 108%~177%, respectively. The relative standard deviations of all the drugs in plasma and urine were within 0.8%~26% and 2.6%~18%(n=6), respectively. The detection limits of the 4 barbitals ranged from 20 to 100 mg/L and those of the other drugs ranged from 0.05 to 2.0 mg/L.

血浆样品中待测组分的加标回收率除了奋乃静、硫利哒嗪和氯丙嗪的分别为37.6%～57.5%， 36.3%～48.3%和52.4%～67.4%外，尿液样品中待测组分的加标回收率除了曲唑酮和地西泮的分别为100%～142%和108%～177%外，血浆和尿液中其余待测组分的加标回收率分别为60.2%～125%和64.5%～126%，相对标准偏差分别为0.8%～26%和2.6%～18%(n=6)；除了巴比妥类药物的检出限为20～100 mg/L外，其余药物的检出限均为0.05～2.0 mg/L。

After oxidation, pH value of the surface of carbon black has a specific relation with the volatile content.

氧化后炭黑表面的pH值与挥发分之间有一定的关系。

Knowing that such a person is warped and sinful; he is self-condemned.

因为知道这等人已经背道，犯了罪，自己明知不是，还是去做。