查询词典 legal capital

Legal interpretation needs the participation of the legal profession community. The different number of legal profession community has different interpretation, which must be taken into account by judge, and the judge and the legal profession community realize the mutual remodification, thus the legal profession community becomes another restriction.

法律解释活动是在法律职业共同体的共同参加下完成的，法律职业共同体不同成员的解释必然不同，但他们的解释意见法官必须考虑，并通过法律论证实现法官与法律职业共同体的互动，法律职业共同体成为法官行使法律解释权的又一个限制。

Nevertheless, the chief problems a translator dealing with fuzzy legal languages may encounter lies in how to produce an equivalent expression in the target language to match the one in the source language terminologically and ideologically by means of different translational strategies so that the bilingual legal sense and legal concepts should be transferred equivalently and effectively, reaching the closest equivalence between the source legal language and the target legal language.

法律语言翻译者要认定某一法律术语或概念在异域法律语言中的对应层面，采用不同的翻译策略，实现法律意义和概念功能的有效对接，使目的语和源语达到最大限度对等。

In the background dependence of political civilization,from the mercy and bounty of governor to the enjoyment and request of own rights embodies the efforts and struggles of the proletariat in order to constitute the socail assistance legal institutions,which offers the room of political system where the social assistance legal institutions are able to exist and develop and strengthen;In the background dependence of economic system,the simple truth which the economic foundation determines the superstructure exerts its advancing logic concretely and really,where the gap between the poor and the rich will be widened continuely in the condition of market economy,and the dependence on the social assistance legal institutions for the poor will be more rainforced,and the request of rights for social assistance will become intense increasingly;In the background dependence of cultural tradition,the relief ideology such as Great Harmony Society,the ideality of equal wealth and the pursuit of the idea that those who have no kin and cann't support themselves can all be cultivated and so on which goes back to ancient times has been depositted into a luscious cultural tradition and Confucianism allegates implementing the humanity politics and sparkplugs cultivating and compensating people,which results in the thoughts of taking civilian as the foundation that occupy the inrooted station in Chinese culture,and the arrangements of social assistance legal institutions response the continue of renation in Chinese traditional culture;In the background dependence of internationalization,the ideaistic assimilation and the spread of arterial values quicken the speed of civilized fusion,and the social assistance legal institutions should response positively the relative legislative concept and methods which the world has achieved the common understanding on the base of using initialively the legislative experiences in the developed country and the ones where the relative institutions reach a better performance for reference.

政治文明背景依赖方面，由统治者怜悯、恩赐到自己权利的享有和诉求，本身就体现出无产阶级为建立社会救助法律制度所付出的努力和奋斗，因此社会救助法律制度完全具有自己存在、发展和壮大的政治体制空间；经济体制背景依赖方面，经济基础决定上层建筑的朴实真理具体而实在地发挥着自己的演进逻辑，市场经济条件下贫富差距会继续扩大，贫困居民对社会救助法律制度的依赖会进一步加强，其社会救助权诉求也将会变得日益强烈；文化传统背景依赖方面，大同社会、均贫富理想、鳏寡孤独废疾者皆有所养的追求等中国源源流长的救济思想都已经沉淀为一种浓厚的文化传统，儒家思想主张实施仁政，倡导养民、恤民，民本思想在中国文化中占据着根深蒂固的地位，社会救助法律制度安排回应了中国传统文化脉络的延续；国际化背景依赖方面，观念的同化和主流价值观的流播，使文明的互融速度加快，社会救助法律制度需要主动借鉴发达国家以及相关制度具有较好绩效国家的立法经验，积极回应全球已达成共识的社会救助立法理念和方法。

Along the thread, the author analyzes new legal characters of Economic Law in legal substance、legal reasoning、legal profession and legal institution, which are distinguished from traditionalistic law such as Civil Law、Administrative Law, etc.

以现代法律发展的反形式主义趋势为主线，在反思民法、行政法等传统法律模式的基础上，从法律内容、法律推理、法律职业、法律机构几方面展现了经济法不同于传统法律模式的新的法律特质。

From theories on the quasi-public goods and the relationship between government and market, the study uses the theoretical research,"case studies and comparative analysis methods to reach a definition on two concepts :market and legal services,and analyst the seven issues of the legal service market,and then it points out the main reasons: the unaccurate definition of legal services products nature, the backwardness of China"s legal construction,the external effects of the legal service market and Chinas imperfect administrative reforms.

本文采用理论研究、比较分析和案例研究方法相结合，从法律服务和市场两个概念出发，运用准公共产品理论和政府与市场关系理论对法律服务业存在的七大问题进行了深入分析，指出对法律服务产品的定性不准、中国法治建设的后发性、法律服务市场的外部效应、中国行政体制改革不完善是导致法律服务市场秩序混乱的主要原因。

Defects of goverment environmental responsibility and legal liability in our country are mainly embodied in eight aspects, such as "emphasize economic responsibility and legal liability while de-emphasize government environmental responsibility and legal liability","emphasize enterprise's environment obligations and their legal liability while de-emphasize government environmental obligations and its legal liability", and "emphasize government environmental powers while de-emphasize government environmental obligations "etc.

我国政府环境责任的缺陷主要体现在&重政府经济责任，轻政府环境责任&、&重企业环境义务和追究企业环境责任，轻政府环境义务和追究政府环境责任&、&重政府环境权力，轻政府环境义务&等八个方面。

For the mode of legislation, it is suggested that a principle regulations to be made while the detailed applied situation and conditions are specified further in judicial explanation; regarding the applied situation, give four kinds of examples as shortage of capital, mixing of company, property of shareholders, business and personality, avoid the liability of contract and legal liability using of company personality; when making judgment, such three parts as main body, action and results have to be considered. The voluntary creditor and forced creditor consists of prosecutor, those person who abuses the force of company is the defendant who has the act of abusing company personally resulting in bad effect; the responsibility of producing of evident may refer to those of courts of Germany, which is proved by prosecutor, after that, the defendant provides the evident that he has a proper action for the suit of company or his action is not the direct cause for the loss of company; the legal effect of disregarding of corporate personality is to deprive the rights of limited liability of shareholders and shall undertake the affiliated liability according to different situations of company debts, however, it is clear that the legal effect is only limited to the special legal relationship in the specific case; the exercising body is made by court while the corporate personality might not be disaffirmed directly in exerting process; finally, it points out the real essence and also its real sense and difficulties in practice.

对立法模式，建议成文法中只做原则性规定，而具体的适用情形、适用条件等规定可以在司法解释中进一步作出明确规定；对适用情形，根据我国实际列举了资本显著不足、公司与股东财产、业务、人格的混同、利用公司人格规避契约义务和逃避法律义务四种大类；审判时应考虑的要件包括主体、行为、结果三大要件，自愿债权人和非自愿债权人构成原告，对公司有控制力的滥用者为被告，要有滥用公司人格的行为，并有损害的结果产生；举证责任可参照德国法院的做法，由原告提供初步证据证明公司存在滥用公司人格的行为，而后，由被告提供证据证明自己与涉诉公司的关系是正当的，或自己的行为与原告的损失没有因果关系；否认公司人格的法律效果是剥夺股东在个案中的有限责任的权利，视不同情形对公司债务承担连带责任，但应明确法律效力仅限于个案中的特别法律关系；行使主体应由法院的审判庭行使，而不宜在执行程序中直接否认公司法人人格；最后对逆向揭开公司面纱作了探讨，指出其现实意义和实践难点。

On the good and bad foundation of the system of three major capital , draw a on conclusion of kind: Authorize rule , capital of system it disposes to be optimum , trade off rule , capital of system it disposes to be second-class and excellent, the rule of the system of the legal capital is disposed to ask the desirable one most.

就三大资本制度的优劣基础上，得出一个亮样的结论：授权资本制度的规则配置是理论上的最优，折衷资本制度的规则配置是现实中的次优，法定资本制度的规则配置是最求可取的。

The results show that although economic growth in the northwest region as the whole has been physical capital-driven, elasticity and contribution rate of human capital in each province has been relatively high, indicating the spillover effect of human capital These findings suggest that effectively and steadily speeding up human capital accumulation while increasing capital investment may enhance the level of economic development in the northwestern China, thus reducing the disparity between this region and the eastern region.

结果表明，虽然西北地区的经济增长总体来看是资本推动型的，但各省区人力资本的产出弹性和贡献率较高，而且人力资本的溢出效应较为明显，此外，各省区间人力资本对经济增长的贡献率有较大差别。据此作者认为，在中国经济增长方式转型期，除加大物质资本投资力度外，有效、持续地加快人力资本积累，可以更快地提高西北地区的经济发展水平，从而缩小该地区与东部地区的差距。

The economic growth accounting of China's provinces between 1990 and 2004 finds some results like the following: no matter whether human capital was introduced or not, there were technological inefficiencies in most provinces'economic activity which were pure technological inefficiencies or scale technological inefficiencies; technological change, capital deepening and human capital accumulating all promoted labor productivity, but technological efficiency change played a negative role during these years as a whole; the descending order of provincial difference of labor productivities'changes brought out by each factor was technological change, capital deepening, technological efficiency change and human capital accumulating; each province's pure technological efficiency change or scale efficiency change not only had different size, but also different evolution route.

中国各省在1990～2004年间的经济增长核算结果表明：不论是否引入人力资本，大多数省份的经济活动都存在着技术无效率，这既包括纯技术无效率，也包括规模无效率；技术进步、资本深化和人力资本积累都促进了劳动生产率的提高，而技术效率的变化整体上来说在其中起阻碍作用；各因子引致的劳动生产率变化的省际差异从大到小依次为技术进步、资本深化、技术效率的变化和人力资本积累；各省的纯技术效率或规模效率的变化不仅大小不同，而且它们的演变路径也不一样。

Therefore, it is imperative that you need to be prepared for the great change that is about to occur.

所以，你需要为快要出现的伟大改变准备好，这是必要的。

If u agree with our suggestion of dicker trade,we will exchange paper with u wood.

如果你方同意我们进行易货贸易的建议，我们将用纸与你们交换木材。