查询词典 derivatives

The characteristics of pentacene/perylene derivatives based organic solar cells are investigated in this thesis Donor and acceptor layers are pentacene and N N'-dioctyl-3 4 9 10-perylenetetracarboxylic diimide (PTCDI-2~13C) respectively Twelve organic solar cells with pentacene/PTCDI-2~13C heterojunctions were fabricated to study the influence of various alkylic perylene derivatives on the power conversion efficiency Under the sunlight simulator with AM1 5G filter and 100 mW/cm2 the solar cell of pentacene/PTCDI-7C heterojunction with cathode of Ag/Al bilayer has the best performance among the devices with pentacene/PTCDI-2~13C heterojunctions In PL spectrum analyses the pentacene/PTCDI-7C film had lower recombination rate than the other pentacene/PTCDI-2~13C films; therefore more excitons could reach the P/N junction and enhance short-circuit current Furthermore the PTCDI-7C film grown on the surface of penatcene was more matched than other PTCDI films analyzed by the PL peak shifts of 10 nm and 45 nm thick PTCDI-2~13C and images of atomic force microscope More lattice match between the films of pentacene and PTCDI resulted in fewer defects in P/N junction and more carries can reach electrodes Accordingly the power conversion efficiency approach 2% was obtained from the solar cell with the active layer of pentacene/PTCDI-7C

本研究探讨以五环素/骈苯衍生物异质接面太阳能电池之特性，利用pentacene作为电子施体有机材料，PTCDI -2C~13C作为电子受体有机材料，制作出异质接面为pentacene/ PTCDI-2C ~13C等12种有机太阳能电池，比较不同碳数的骈苯衍生物对於有机太阳能电池之光电转换效率之影响。在AM1 5G、100 mW/cm2的模拟太阳光下，以pentacene/PTCDI-7C异质接面太阳能电池具有短路电流9 882 mA/cm2、开路电压0 376 V、填充因数0 523及光电转换效率达1 945%，皆比其他pentacene/PTCDI-2C ~13C异质接面太阳能电池来的大。由薄膜分析可知PTCDI-7C在这12种太阳能电池中具有较低的电子电洞复合发光效率，可以让较多激子到达异质接面进行电荷分离，减少电子电洞对复合发光的机率；此外，由光激发萤光光谱之峰值位移配合原子力显微镜表面结构图，可以得知当PTCDI-7C成长在pentacene上时会顺著pentacene的结构成长薄膜，故较无缺陷产生在P/N接面处；而在其他结构下则无此现象产生，致使在pentacene/PTCDI-7C薄膜中的载子有较大的机会可以移动至电极，使光电流提高，进而使光电转换效率提高。

But in the face of this year the international financial crisis intensified, the market will be targeted at derivatives, and this grave crisis due to excessive derivatives innovation.

但在今年的国际金融危机加剧的压力，市场将针对衍生产品，这严重的危机由于衍生品过度创新。

Moreover for derivatives of benzimidazole, density functional theory method calculations of the structure, atomic charge distributions and electronicspectra have been performed at B3LYP/6-311G*~* level. The results of the calculationshave been compared with experimental data and they are found to support each other,which provide useful information for the further study on derivatives ofbenzimidazole.

并运用密度泛函理论在B3LYP／6-311G~**料水平上，对化合物的优化几何、原子电荷分布及转移、电子光谱以及及在不同温度下的热力学性质进行了计算，从而为苯并咪唑类化合物的进一步研究提供了有价值的参考和理论数据。

In order to improve the catalytic activity, A series of bident ligands containing nitrogen atom were prepared by design, such as bipyridine derivatives, phenantroline derivatives, Schiff base of bipyridine etc.

为了提高催化活性，设计合成一系列含氮双齿配体，如联吡啶衍生物、邻菲罗啉衍生物、含吡啶席夫碱等。

Two kinds of water-soluble biomimetic chitosan derivatives with a phosphoramide linkage between glucosamine and choline were prepared through Atherton-Todd reaction under the mild conditions, including zwitterionic phosphorylcholine bound chitosan and acetyl-phosphorylcholine bound chitosan with positive charge. The interaction between chitosan derivatives and calf thymus DNA were inversigated by UV alsorption spectra and circular dichroism spectra.

采用Antherton-Todd反应制备了两种水溶性的磷酰化壳聚糖仿生衍生物：两性的N-磷酸胆碱磷酰化壳聚糖和带正电荷的N-乙基磷酸胆碱磷酰化壳聚糖，并用紫外吸收光谱和圆二色光谱研究了两种胆碱磷酰化壳聚糖衍生物与小牛胸腺DNA的相互作用。

Chapter 1 generally describes domestic and foreign situation of the sports industry. Chapter 2 studies the background and significance of China's Sports Derivatives Industry, and its relations between 2008 Beijing Olympic Games and the development of sports derivatives. Chapter 3, from the viewpoint of commercialization of sports development strategy, mainly analyzes the current situation and problems in the sports lottery industry and proposes the idea of " state lottery by state" and the establishment of a new operating system of sports lottery to raise the creditability and sportsmanship of sports lotteries, and the sports media industry should develop in the direction of the commercialization and the market and a competition mechanism and the mode of operation of business should be introduced into the media. Chapter 4 explains the status of the Sporting Goods Industry, analyzes the impact of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games on the industry and explores the Sporting Goods Industry Development Strategy. Chapter 5 analyzes the current situation of China's sports brokage, studies the four major sports effect from the viewpoint of economics and proposes development strategies of China's sports brokage.

第1章对体育衍生产业的国内外情况加以综述；第2章研究我国体育衍生产业的背景与意义以及北京2008奥运会与体育衍生产业的发展关系；第3章从商品化的竞技体育发展战略切入，主要分析了体育博彩业与媒体业的现状与问题，提出体育彩票业应根据"国家的彩票国家办"的思想，建立新的彩票经营体制—国有彩票公司来经营体育彩票，加强体育彩票的体育性和提高其信誉度，体育媒体业应朝商业化与市场化方向发展，建议媒体应引入竞争机制和采用商业化的经营模式；第4章阐释了体育用品业现状问题，分析了北京2008奥运会对体育用品业的影响，探讨体育用品业的发展战略；第5章分析我国体育经纪业的现状与问题，从经济学的角度分析了体育经纪业的四大效应，提出体育经纪业的发展战略。

The formulas calculating higher derivatives of parametric functions and composite functions are given by the chain rule and the product formula for derivatives.

用函数的链式法则和乘积公式给出了参数函数和复合函数的高阶导数的计算公式。

The reported organocatalyst for asymmetric Michael additions include proline and its derivatives, chiral imidazolidinone derivatives, chiral urea, cinchona alkaloids and so on.

目前报道的催化Michael加成反应的有机催化剂主要有脯氨酸及其衍生物、手性咪唑啉酮、手性脲、金鸡纳碱衍生物等。

The proper in-situ polymerization systems of acidic and basic compounds using amino acid derivatives and cinchona alkaloids as template molecules respectively were adopted for preparation of molecularly imprinted monolithic columns by systematically investigating the effect of polymerization conditions on pore structure and selectivity of resulting polymers. The enantiomers of amino acid derivatives and the diastereomers of cinchona alkaloids were successfully resolved on these columns.

本文分别以氨基酸衍生物和辛可纳生物碱为模板分子，系统研究了制备条件对聚合物孔结构和选择性的影响，建立了合适的酸性化合物和碱性化合物的原位印迹体系。

The reported organocatalyst for asymmetric Mannich reaction include proline derivatives, chiral phosphoric acids, chiralurea derivatives, cinchona alkaloids and so on, which can catalyze the asymmetric Mannich reaction with high catalytic activity and excellent enantiselectivity.

本文评述了各类有机催化剂在有机催化不对称Mannich 反应中的应用研究进展，以及不对称诱导反应的机理、催化剂分子结构及反应条件对其催化活性和不对称诱导作用的影响。

I'm strongly against the death penalty — it's an eye for an eye.

我不赞成死刑——这是以牙还牙的报复行为。

And to get you the support you need, we're enlisting all elements of our national power: our diplomacy and development, our economic might and our moral suasion, so that you and the rest of our military do not bear the burden of our security alone.

并给你们所须的支援，我们正徵召国家所有各种的力量：我们的外交及发展，我们的经济力量与道德劝说，所以你们与其他军人不须要孤独地负起国家安全的责任。