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Between shrub and herb layers ,the difference of each index was not significant The total richness index and Shannon-Wiener index of Phellodendron amurense plantation community were all the highest than those of the other communities.(2) The total richness index of Machilus pingii- Quercus oxyodon evergreen broad-leaved forest community, Alnus cremastogyne-Betula luminifera-Quercus oxyodon evergreen-deciduous broad-leaved forest community and Rhus potaninii- Juglans sigillata- Quercus oxyodon evergreen-deciduous broad-leaved forest community all exceeded 31 .These communities , the dominance species in their shrub layers is Fargesia rufa ,such as Betula luminifera-Rhus chinensis-Quercus oxyodon evergreen-deciduous broad-leaved forest community, Quercus oxyodon-Litsea pungens-Cornus macrophylla evergreen-deciduous broad-leaved forest community, Cornus macrophylla- Acer caudatum var.

2润楠-曼椆常绿阔叶林、桤木-亮叶桦-曼椆常绿落叶阔叶混交林、青麸杨-野核桃-曼椆常绿落叶阔叶混交林群落的总体丰富度指数均大于31；在灌木层以青川箭竹为主的群落(亮叶桦-盐肤木-曼椆常绿落叶阔叶混交林、曼椆-木姜子-梾木常绿落叶阔叶混交林、梾木-川滇长尾槭-落叶阔叶林、川西樱桃-尾叶樱-川滇长尾槭落叶阔叶林)中，各群落总体丰富度指数和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数较小，总体优势度指数较大；8种次生林群落灌木层丰富度指数均高于乔木层，乔-灌层间丰富度指数差异性检验达显著水平；乔-草层间的丰富度指数差异性检验达极显著水平，Shannon-Wiener多样性指数差异达显著水平；灌-草层间的多样性指数和优势度指数差异性检验均达显著水平。

Sympegma regelii community, a rangeland desert vegetation, has the highest Shannon-Winner species diversity indices (1.706); the communities of Haloxylon ammodendron and Ephedra przewalskii, which have obvious feature of desert vegetation, are in the middle in species diversity indices (0.875-0.890); the communities of Calligonum mongolicum, Populus euphratica, Tamarix ramosissima and Glycyrrhiza inflata, characterized by desert forest of which saline desert bushes and saline meadows are scattered in the communities, have lowest value of the species diversity indices (0.079-0.495). 3 The structure of desert plant community is dominated by the bush layer. The species diversity indices of bush layer (0.769-1.451) is much higher than that of herb layer (0.193-0.254), and the diversity in herb layer is strongly influenced by bush layer. 4 The species diversity of desert plant communities shows a gradient of change with respect to longitude, latitude and elevation. For example, rangeland plant Sympegma regelii, with a high level of diversity indices (1.706), is in transition to desert plants Haloxylon ammodendronn community (with a low level of diversity indices of 1.379) in a longitude gradient and to saline Tamarix ramosessima community (with a low level of diversity indices of 0.376) in a latitude gradient. Calligonum mongolicum community, with a low level of species diversity (0.819), is in transition to Ephedra przewalskii (with a low level of diversity indices of 0.890) and Haloxylon ammondendron community (with the diversity indices of 0.645) in an elevational gradient.

群落Shannon-Wiener物种多样性水平表现为合头草群落最高(1.706)，具有草原化荒漠植被类型的成分；梭梭群落、膜果麻黄群落居中(0.875~0.890)，荒漠植被类型特征明显；沙拐枣群落、胡杨群落、多枝柽柳群落、胀果甘草群落较低(0.079~0.495)，荒漠林、盐地沙生灌丛及盐化草甸植被均有零星分布。3荒漠植物群落结构层次中，灌木层占居主导地位，群落灌木层物种多样性水平(0.769~1.451)远远大于草本层(0.193~0.254)，且草本层物种多样性受灌木层影响较大。4荒漠植物群落物种多样性分布格局表现为经向、纬向和海拔梯度的变化，经向、纬向变化为物种多样性水平较高的草原化植物合头草群落(1.076)向物种多样性水平较低的荒漠植物梭梭群落(1.379)和盐化植物多枝柽柳群落(0.376)的过渡，海拔梯度则呈现低水平的沙拐枣群落(0.819)到高水平的膜果麻黄群落(0.890)向低水平的梭梭群落(0.645)变化。

The principles is that of sticking to the reference instead of applying the experience of the foreign community construction mechanically,that of sticking to the CCP's leadership,that of sticking to the community development coordination to the social progress,that of sticking to the non-government and nonratability organization charging the community job,that of sticking to the community construction and the community welfare,and that of the community worker training.

它最初是由德国社会学家裴迪南·滕尼斯(1855-1936)对人类社会生活的发展趋势进行研究后于1887年提出的。它的初始含义是不因社会分工不同，而是由传统的血缘、地缘和文化、价值取向和同质性等自然形成的聚居在一定地域中人们生活的共同体。但非常有趣的是，社区———这一作为社会学基本概念的词汇，从它提出、使用至今一

This paper mainly adopted literature data, questionnaire and interview and logic analysis methods, and used the theory of urban development, sports management theory, theory of mass sports, community sports theory, and other theories. By grasping the basic characteristics of China's social modernization process and analyzing the status of community sports conduction and management and the presence of a series of problems in the new-type city - Jiujiang, we found the main factors affecting urban Community Sports Management in Jiujiang City and opportunities for the urban community sports management binged by the implementation of the "3 +1" strategy, and Consequently, explored the model adapting to community sports management and development in Jiujiang the new-type city under a "3 +1" strategy. That is the light of these constraints and opportunities analysis concluded: As China's economic reform and social reform of the management system of deep,single Administrative Management Mode-omnipotent authority are depleting,at the same time,Jiujiang City "3 +1" to the implementation of the strategy has brought city and the residents change.Sports needs of the residents of the community which continuously enhance the connotation of sports management on the basis of qualitative change rapidly rich,variable-totalitarian government administration for the government-led management.

本论文主要采用文献资料法、问卷调查法、访谈法及逻辑分析等方法，运用城市发展理论、体育管理理论、群众体育理论、社区体育理论等多种理论，把握我国社会现代化过程的基本特征，通过分析新型城市--九江市城市社区体育开展现况及社区体育管理现状和存在的系列问题，找到了影响九江市城市社区体育管理的主要因素（管理体制的不合理；缺乏有针对性的政策法规；管理系统（服务管理系统、场地设施管理系统、体育人才管理系统、体育经费管理系统等）不够健全和完善；管理者思想和管理观念落后及被管理者素质不高等5个方面）及在实行&3+1&战略后给城市社区体育管理带来的机遇（&3+1&战略的实施为九江城市社区体育管理奠定了坚实的经济基础和发展的动力；&3+1&战略的实施为九江城市社区体育管理提供了广阔的市场和空间；实行&3+1&战略为社区体育管理带来了居民体育意识的转变等3个方面）等问题的研究，从而探索出&3+1&战略下适合九江市新型城市社区体育管理发展的模式，即针对以上制约因素和机遇的分析得出结论：随着我国经济体制改革和社会管理体制改革的深人，单一的行政全能主义管理模式的权威性日趋枯竭，与此同时，九江市&3+1&战略实施以来，给城市及居民带来了巨变，居民对体育需求度的不断增强，致使社区体育管理的内涵在质变的基础上迅速丰富化，变政府行政全能主义为政府主导型管理。

Because of the low efficiency of economy collectivization, collective property rights can"t last for a long time and central government has to communicate with community and peasants. Rural community collective property rights become subjective through balancing benefits by formal or informal trading. With the changes of political and economical environment, the contradiction of rural community property rights between fair and efficiency become more and more serious. Collective lands and collective enterprises advance to privatization gradually. There are two kinds of country collective property rights in the history of its evolution, one offer community common good and the other satisfy peasants" private demand. The collective property rights institution improvement brings efficiency because it privatizes the latter. Because of the limit of industrialization and civilization, land is still the last social welfare of peasants, so rural community must attain the collective property rights to control the pressure of population. Also community has to get money from collective economy.

本文分析的思路是；由于制度变迁的&路径依赖&，农村社区之间的利益分配边界在解放以后得以保持并在集体化过程中得到加强，为社区获得排他性集体产权奠定了基础；由于国家对农村经济的集体化效率极低而不可能长期维持，国家不得不与社区和农民对话，通过正式或非正式的交易平衡多方利益，社区集体产权获得实质性内容；随着政治、经济等环境的不断变化，社区集体产权公平与效率之间的矛盾同益明显，集体土地和集体企业逐渐朝私有化的方向发展；从农村社区集体产权制度变迁的历史来看，集体产权实际上包含两种形式：提供社区公共物品和满足社区农民个人需求，每一次集体产权的制度创新，都是使后者&私有化&而提高了集体经济的效率；但是，受我国工业化和城市化进程缓慢的制约，土地依然是农民最后的生存保障，农村社区必须保持对土地的集体产权以调节人口变化对土地的压力，社区组织行使职能也必须有一定的集体经济提供资金支持。

The way the people of the street party organ set up under the branches, the Center Street Community Party Branch, the five-star general party branch Street community, the community water Chuan Road branch, West Village Party Branch in the community, the people of Community Party Branch Road, May Street community, and other branches 7 branches, a total of 804 members.

人民路街道党委下设机关党支部、中心街社区党总支、五星街社区党总支、水川路社区党支部、西村社区党总支、人民路社区党总支、五一街社区党支部等7个党支部，共有党员804人。

S. dollars and the decline of the Cold War provided the economic and political environment for European countries to integrate. For encouraging the economic incentives, major European countries' ruling parties ended the policies of Keynesian School and constructed a relative convergence for a European-wide laissez-faire economic policy. However, the most important impetus for the building of the European Union is the less strengthened role of the European region in the global competitiveness. For yielding part of their sovereignties, EU countries can enlarge their capacity, and survive much stronger in a global World.

当然，促成欧洲联盟形成原因甚多，不过欧洲在全球化竞争中居明显劣势地位仍是欧洲整合再出发的最主要堆动力，本文指出各国政策汇合因素只能算是新区域整合的必要条件，仍非充分条件，最大因素仍应是欧洲各国为因应全球化桃战形成的新区域整合，也即籍助於让渡部分主权，欧盟各国因而更能扩大本身的职能，於此，两岸似亦应从中获得相当放示才是。

The culture minister of each member country and European Union mix the commissarial Weiweiyana Leiding that Baluozun of chairman of European Union committee, European Union is in charge of information society and media general affairs, European Union related country of European Union member of culture orgnaization.

欧盟委员会主席巴罗佐、欧盟负责信息社会和媒体事务的委员维维亚娜·雷丁、欧盟各成员国的文化部长以及欧盟和欧盟成员国相关文化机构的代表出席了启动仪式。

First, due to the effect of globalization, regionalization and knowledge-based economy, European Union was allied by its economy, politics and higher education. Moreover, European Union has enhanced its competitiveness by commoditization. Secondly, the right of the nation-states' was expropriated progressively when European Union's higher education was integrated by interacting between the intergovernmentalism and supranationalism. Thirdly, the promotion of the higher education integration was discordant in the countries, having different opinions about the European integration policy. Also, the European Union promoted its competitiveness via trying to carry out a serial of education integration plans.

研究结果经整理归纳后，得以下结论：壹、欧盟基於全球化、区域化与知识经济与的影响，欧盟国家於经济、政治与高等教育结盟合作，藉由欧洲的共同体化来增强欧洲的竞争力贰、政府间主义和超国家主义互动下的欧洲的高等教育整合，事实上均不断地在侵蚀民族国家的权力参、各国对欧洲整合态度不同，以致於在推动高等教育整合方面有不一致的速度肆、欧盟欲藉由推行一系列教育整合计画，以增加欧盟的竞争力。

Culture and Sport as Australia have, in the medical support area by the Beijing Association of Community Health is designated as Beijing's first community health center general medical management of the pilot districts, supporting education, the introduction of Extreme baby Transparency International Bilingual Kindergarten-wide, with the Japanese altar primary, North Korea sign cooperation附小division, Beijing Children's Art Theater has also been designated as the first children's art community pilot base, a comprehensive package of medical and educational community to give full expression to the human family care; Cappuccino uphold the 17th century European royal and noble history of Sharon clubs, a good fit its style golf communities.

文化和体育，澳大利亚已经在医疗领域的支持，北京社区卫生协会指定为北京第一社区卫生服务中心一般医疗管理的试点地区，支持教育，实行极端婴儿透明国际双语幼稚园的全与日本祭坛小学，北朝鲜签署合作附小司，北京儿童艺术剧院也被指定为第一个儿童艺术社区试验基地，一个综合性的一揽子医疗和教育社会的充分体现对人的家庭照顾；卡布奇诺维护17世纪欧洲王室和崇高的历史沙龙俱乐部，非常适合其风格的高尔夫社区。

Foods high in this vitamin include oily fish such as salmon, tuna and, and fish liver oils.

维生素D含量高的食物包括诸如大麻哈鱼、金枪鱼和鲭鱼之类的油鱼以及鱼肝油。

We need you to cosign our public letter demanding that press intimidation cease immediately, and that all charges be dropped.

我们需要您cosign我们的公共信，要求记者立即停止恐吓，并要求所有收费下降。