金融

Investment portfolio theory is financial assets, financial assets investment divisibility, mobility and features such as compatibility, so investment in financial assets, do not have to consider the scale of investment, the investment of time constraints, as well as the number of investment projects and other factors, as long as the taking into account the relevance of financial assets, risk, reward and their mutual relations, and on the basis of risk - reward the choice to invest in financial assets to achieve the optimal choice.

证券组合理论的投资对象是金融资产，金融资产投资具有可分割性、流动性和相容性等特点，因此在进行金融资产投资时，不必考虑投资的规模、投资的时间约束以及投资项目的多少等因素，只要考虑各金融资产的相关性、风险、报酬及其相互关系问题，并依据风险——报酬的选择，可实现金融资产投资的优化选择。

The dissertation begins with the further discussion attributions of the economic contract , and comparing the economic contract with the ordinary economic contract and financial instruments, I think that the derivative financial instrument is an economic contract essentially, and has all the common characters owned by the economic contract, so we should establish the accounting for derivative financial instrument on the executory contract, otherwise the accounting for the derivative financial instrument will lose the basis of the accounting theory.

本文共分四部分：本文首先对衍生金融工具的经济属性进行了较为深入的探讨，并将其与一般经济合约和基本金融工具进行了比较分析，认为衍生金融工具本质上是一项经济合约，具有所有经济合约所具有的共性，衍生金融工具的会计处理应建立在对履行中合约的会计处理基础之上，否则对衍生金融工具的会计处理就会缺乏理论基础。

In the process of economic transform,inadaptability between the financial system and the economic development in the country of Xinjiang,has suppressed the rural economy development to a certain degree,and causes the unbalanced characteristics between city and countryside to be further prominent.

进入经济转型发展时期，新疆农村经济、金融不相适应性的存在，一定程度上抑制了农村经济的发展，并使城乡经济的非均衡性问题进一步突出。以金融资源论为基础，从金融资源配置效率的角度出发，通过对新疆近20年农村经济金融支持实践的实证分析，揭示了新疆农村金融资源配置效率弱化，未能有效地推动农村经济的发展。

Because of the special status of energy and finance in the economic development, energy shortages are not only a problem in itself but it also gradually becomes the core problem of economic growth. When looking at world energy price rises and falls since the beginning of the 21st century, compared to other periods in history, the biggest characteristic is that it has something to do with the financial market. Energy and financial integration becomes a key variable which has profound influence on the energy market prices. But our country's current energy price system is not perfect, and it still cannot achieve efficient allocation of resources.

由于能源和金融在经济发展中的特殊地位，能源金融不仅仅是能源和金融发展中的战略问题，而且逐步发展为经济增长中的核心问题。21世纪以来世界能源价格的暴涨暴跌与历史上其他多轮能源价格波动相比的最大特点，在于其与金融市场息息相关，能源与金融的交融成为深刻影响能源市场价格走向的关键变量，但我国当前的能源价格体系还很不完善，尚不能达到有效配置资源的作用，对于中国能源价格形成机制及传导机制的深入研究十分必要，因为从长远来看，中国必须确定合理的能源定价机制，建立一个发达的、完善的能源市场，谋求能源定价的话语权，发挥我国在国际能源价格体系里应有的影响力。

However, due to the large differences in economic development, social operation model, political system and cultural customs etc., there are many pecularities in China. We can see from the two following aspects: one is our the selection of pension institutions which possesses more character of "institutional dependency", and the determinative role of the evolvement of the pension structure on the choice of pension risk management mode can\'t directly be embodied, but the determinative role of the financial structure on overall the pension structure registers as the restriction of our financial system to the development of our private pension plans; the other one is that the magistral situation and product structure of traditional financial institutions, especially insurers, reflect our financial system is not quick to manage pension risk.

然而，由于我国在经济发展水平、社会运行模式、政治制度体制、社会文化习俗等方面与OECD国家存在较大的差异，我国养老金结构与金融结构的相关性也具有一定的特殊性，这种特殊性体现在两个方面：一是我国公共养老金计划主导的养老金制度选择更具有"制度依赖性"，并不能直接地、自然而然地体现出养老金结构演变对养老风险管理模式的决定作用，而金融结构对养老金整体结构的决定作用则更多地表现为金融系统对我国私营养老金计划发展的掣肘；二是我国传统金融机构特别是人寿保险公司在私营养老金计划中的主导地位和产品结构反映出我国金融体系管理养老风险的整体能力还不理想。

The most important of them are: the relevant economic entities has inappropriate macro-economic policies, the develop mode of permanent low savings and high consumptions makes it difficult to continue; the financial organizations' unilateral pursuit of the profit makes themselves overexpansion; the financial and rating organizations lack the self-discipline have resulted in aberrance of the risk information and asset pricing ; the capacity of financial supervision and financial innovation dose not match, the risk of financial ramification continuously accumulate and proliferate.

主要是：有关经济体宏观经济政策不当、长期低储蓄高消费的发展模式难以为继；金融机构片面追逐利润而过度扩张；金融及评级机构缺乏自律，导致风险信息和资产定价失真；金融监管能力与金融创新不匹配，金融衍生品风险不断积聚和扩散。

These financial crises , from financial crisis of Eurocurrency system resulted from depreciation of pound and lira from 1992 to 1993, to financial crisis of Latin America resulted from depreciation of piaster from 1994 to 1995, and to financial crisis of southeast Asia began from the depreciation of baht from 1997 to 1998, all had one common character: the crises appeared obvious infectivity, one country's financial crisis quickly diffused to other countries and areas and evolved into territorial or even global crisis.

纵观数次金融危机，无论是1992—1993年英国英镑、意大利里拉贬值所导致的欧洲货币体系危机，或是1994—1995年墨西哥比索危机所引发的拉美危机，还是1997—1998年泰国货币危机所演变成的东南亚金融危机，它们共同特征是：金融危机都带有明显的传染效应，一个国家的金融危机会迅速扩散到其他国家和地区，演变成为区域性甚至全球性的金融危机。

After the discussion of the history, present situation of rural financial system in our country and the experience of foreign countries, the theoretical substratum target choosing are expounded.

提出了在四条原则基础上构建在政府指导下的以中小金融机构为主的，商业性金融、合作性金融和政策性金融等多种组织形式相互竞争、协同发展的混合型的农村金融体系。

The theory of finance innovation is very wide, but here the core problem focus onfinance concepts and risk tergiversation in the process of finance innovation.

金融创新理论，主要包括两个部分，一是金融创新综述部分，包括创新、金融创新的概念，金融创新的基本类型等，这个部分主要对金融创新进行概念性的描述

Based on the analysis of data, and found that the financial market development and macro economic operation of the correlation between still weak, overall supply available Patrick's "model" to define our guide financial market development and macro economy, this means that the correlation in financial markets with the development of economic development is still not demand, improve financial services, improve financial efficiency will promote the economic growth in China.

笔者通过对实测数据进行分析，结果发现现阶段我国金融市场发展与宏观经济运行之间的相关性仍然较弱，总体上可用帕特里克的"供给导向模型"来界定我国金融市场发展与宏观经济运行的关联性质，这意味着我国目前金融市场的发展仍未能跟上经济发展的需求，改善金融服务、提高金融效率将会推进我国经济的稳定增长。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。