金融

In light of the problem and causes of the financial support to county economic development, the article put forward the general thoughts of finance supporting the county economic development: establish circulating back mechanism of county capital; establish and perfect the financial service organization system to strengthen the function of the financial support to county economy; innovate new financial services and products of county; fully utilize capital market to broaden the financial channel of county economic development; establish the circumstance guarantee system of finance supporting county economic development.

针对金融在支持县域经济中存在的问题及成因，本文提出了金融支持县域经济发展的基本思路：建立县域资金回流机制；建立和完善支持县域经济发展的金融服务组织体系，增强金融支持县域经济的功能；创新县域金融服务和金融产品；充分利用资本市场，拓宽县域经济发展的融资渠道；建立金融支持县域经济发展的环境保障体系。

Due to the impacts of bad fiduciary loan and financial reformation happened in Taiwan for the past few years, The financial development in recent years is not benefiting the economic in Taiwan; In china, as a result of increasing in financial needs, financial market opening and etc, the financial development is consider as one of the main factors for economical growth; As the international trading getting more complex, the financial demand will be increased as well, Therefore, the export trading and financial changes for both countries are positively affecting each other, but the effects for Taiwan are only short term and for China, the effects will be long term.

由实证结果可知现阶段台湾与中国大陆出口扩张政策是带动经济成长的良药，台湾因为前几年双卡风暴及金融改革制度的影响，近年金融发展无法有利於台湾经济；大陆因国内金融需求庞大、金融市场开放等原因，金融发展也是经济成长的要素之一；当一国的国际贸易进行越来越繁复，对金融需求也就越来越大，所以，两岸出口贸易和金融深化的关系皆是正向影响，但台湾则是短期显著影响、大陆是长期显著影响。

Under the economic adaptability and the profit inductivity of different growth poles, the regional financial institution should adjust their service structure and scale structure spontaneously, carry on the financial innovation effectively, reduce the financial risk, enhance finance function and the disposition efficiency of financial resources, and thus realize the regional financial structure optimization and the regional financial development.

区域金融主体在适应不同的增长极经济发展的前提下，在各自经济利益的诱导下，驱使自发的调整业务结构、规模结构、有效实现金融创新，降低金融风险，增强金融功能，提高金融资源配置效率，从而实现区域金融结构优化和区域金融发展。

Risk is the inherency of finance system and finance activity.

风险是金融体系和金融活动的基本属性之一，风险管理活动是各类金融机构所从事的全部业务和管理活动中最核心的内容。20世纪90年代中期以长期资产管理公司为代表的微观金融风险事件和以墨西哥金融危机、亚洲金融危机为代表的宏观经济现象，引起了人们对金融风险的普遍关注，以及在微观层面上对金融安全运行的深刻反思。

Specially, the author hopes to find whether the financial system development promotes the provincial per capita, the accumulation of provincial savings, the formation of provincial capital, the advancing of productivity, the bettering of industrial structure and the shaping of firms. Finally, according to the result of the empirical study, the author brings forward the Contradiction of Chinese Financial System Development during transition period. To explain the Contradiction, the author puts forward a hypothesis: time consistency and institution coupling of the optimal system arrangements. Within the hypothesis framework, the author analyses and explains the contradiction's essential, and seeks the reason of Chinese financial system development's path formation during transition period. After judging the efficiency of Chinese financial system development prudentially, the author gives his advices on how to drive Chinese financial system to the"Growth-Enhancing Financial System Development"path. The dissertation is divided into five chapters. It consists of as follows: Part I includes foreword and Chapter One"the review of financial development theory and literature". In foreword, the author expounds the fundamental definition and basic theory. In Chapter One, the author first analyses the"finance-growth"nexus in theory, and which constitutes the foundation of the concrete mechanism of finance affecting growth.

首先对金融发展与经济增长的关系在理论上进行了梳理，指出金融发展能够促进经济增长，金融是现代经济增长的"第一推动力"；其次将这种理论关系分解，借助当前本领域的最新研究方法和工具从宏观和微观层面验证转轨时期中国各地区金融发展与经济增长传导机制的效果，即金融体系的发展是否有效地促进了各地区人均产值的增加、储蓄的积累、资本的形成、生产力的提高、产业结构的调整以及企业的成长；最后在实证检验的基础上提出"中国金融发展悖论"，并在"最优制度安排的动态一致性与制度耦合"假说的框架内来分析中国金融发展悖论的真实内涵以及中国金融发展路径形成的原因，审慎评价转轨时期中国金融体系的发展效率，初步探讨了中国金融体系走向"推动经济增长"金融发展道路，指出实现金融对现代经济的"第一推动力"作用所应努力的方向。

Secondly, based on the theoretical and empirical analysis stated above, shows the existing problems and their causes in financial support to rural economic development, the rural financial organizations exist limited and function is not sound , As the result, rural capitals are flowing into urban cities and developed areas through various channels, the scatteration and devolution of mechanism for finance risk is scare, and then puts forward the innovative mode and innovative way of the rural financial system in Xinjiang, therefore, it is of urgent need to perfect our rural finance system with the co-existing institutions of commercial finance, policy finance , cooperative finance and other financial institutions, live up a pluralistic, competitive and sustainable development of rural financial system, perfect the rural financial ecological environment, so as to promote rural economy growth in Xinjiang.

在此基础上，剖析新疆农村金融体系的症结所在，主要表现为农村金融组织不完善且功能不健全，金融风险分散与转移机制缺失，农村资金严重外流。进而提出新疆农村金融体系的创新模式与路径，建立真正意义上的商业金融、政策性金融、合作金融和其他金融机构并存、充分竞争与合作、可持续发展的农村金融体系，优化农村金融生态环境，以此促进新疆农村经济增长。

This kind of default in the research on financial crisis early-warning make people unable to understand the financial crisis, even not to explain and predict the crisis contagion and the deepening, which result in the inaccuracy and unstability, even unpredicting in the financial crisis predicting.

本论文将心理变量引入金融危机预警研究，利用协同理论、灾变理论等非线性的理论与方法分析研究金融危机爆发、传播、深化过程中的非线性机制，提出了以金融市场心理监控为主体的金融危机预警多维空间模式，认为金融危机的预警应该是多角度，全方位的，不仅要预测金融危机在一个经济体中的爆发，还要预警经济体之间的传播，更要对金融危机转变为社会政治危机的金融危机深化过程进行监控和预测。

Nest,according to the economical and financial influence of the crisis,connecting the situation of our natioal economical system,and following other countries' resolution to the financial,there came out five measures to idealise our financial system:first,to arrange the macroscopical financial adjust and control means;secondly,to lead the financial orgniation to the right choices;thirdly,to strenghten the financial supervise system;forthly,to build the stable financial marcket system;fifthly,to create an safe financial environment,to offset the frail part of the financial system,and respond actively to the threat of the American loan crisis.

然后根据次贷危机对经济及金融体系的影响、结合我国金融体系的现状、借鉴他国对金融体系的改革措施，得出了完善我国金融体系的五方面对策：第一，整合宏观金融调控手段；第二，引导金融机构对金融创新的正确选择；第三，健全金融监管体系；第四，建立稳定的金融市场体系；第五，营造安全的金融环境，以此为金融体系的脆弱部分添砖补瓦，积极应对美国次贷危机的威胁。关键词：美国次贷危机，金融体系，金融改革，经济发展

Financial giants 金融巨头,A weekend of high drama reshapes American finance.

一个极富戏剧性的周末重塑了美国的金融体系。

EOIA should set up and perfect its own credit system, such as constructing network organization, setting up community association of mutual guarantee and joint insurance, controlling and dissolving credit risks form inside, etc. On the other hand, As for bank, should be effect of structural adjustment of financial supporting policy, Such as enhancing credit assurance for EOIA, reducing government interfere in field of finance makes EOIA able to really go on the position of fair competition, increasing supplementary fund for grass-roots financial institutions, strengthening support dynamics of EOIA financing, offering more flexible policy to community financial association of EOIA, providing protection within the range of policy, and opening the market of interest rate progressively, etc.

本文强调国有银行、农村信用社等金融机构要从落实&三农&是重中之重的战略高度，采取积极改革措施，重新调整农村金融机构布局，健全农村金融体系，把支持农业和农村经济的发展摆在更加重要的地位：构筑中央与地方分权的二元金融管理体制，为加大对农业和农村经济建设的投融资力度提供体制保障；构筑正规金融与民间金融互补共存的金融体系，为涉农企业和广大农户提供多渠道金融支持；同时，在支持农业和农村经济发展过程中，提出强化金融部门风险管理，把信用风险降低到最低限度的具体措施。

Methods: Five patients with parkinsonism or dystonia were assigned to general anesthesia using an modified endotracheal tube.

本实验依照人体实验之相关规定进行，五位患有帕金森氏症或肌张力异常的病人接受神经立体定位手术。

If you can benefit from this book, it is our honour.

如果您能从本书获益，这将是我们的荣幸。