表面活性剂的

Compared with the previous method, the improved route can provide directly a spheroid form of immobilized lipase particles of which the size can be controlled by adding non-ionic surfactants during the preparation process so as to increase the recovery rate of enzyme as well as decrease the external diffusional restriction which can diminish the enzyme activity. The improved method can also alter the hydrophobicity and microstructure of the immobilized enzyme matrix by changing the molar ratios of different alkoxyl silanes so as to enhance the enzyme activity by a"surface active effect"and eliminating the internal diffusional restriction.

与前人的制备方法相比，改进的方法可直接制得球形的固定化酶颗粒，而且颗粒的大小可以通过在制备过程中加入非离子型表面活性剂加以控制，从而可以提高固定化过程的酶活回收率和减小外扩散效应对酶的表观催化活力的影响；改进的方法还可以通过改变原料硅氧烷的种类及配比来改变最终制得的固定化载体的疏水性质及微观结构，从而通过对脂肪酶的&界面活化&作用和减小内扩散效应提高固定化脂肪酶的表观酯化活力。

The ability of magnesium trisilicate to adsorb tetracycline and its relation to pHof the medium have been investigated UV-spectrophotometrically.

本文应用紫外分光光度法研究了体外三硅酸镁吸附四环素的能力及其与介质 pH 的关系；并应用尿药法研究了三硅酸镁及其在表面活性剂和枸橼酸的存在下对四环素吸收的影响；测定了三种不同处方的四环素混悬剂的相对生物利用度并进行了有关参数的统计比较。

In order to get the microcapsule which enwraps high success ratio of lactobacil-lus, we need developed a new emulsification method which can protect the activity oflactobacillus during the spray drying process. Firstly, rapeseed oil was used as adispersion medium when water was emulsified in the initial period, the concen-tration of emulsification were: CAP:3%, Tween-20:0.05%, Span-80:2%, glutin: 1.5%,mechanical stirring speed:900r/min,and the emulsification temperature was 37.5℃.

在制备用于微胶囊的保加利亚乳酸杆菌中，首先以菜籽油为分散介质，在初步的乳化条件中，最佳的乳化条件为：邻苯二甲酸醋酸纤维素的浓度为3％、表面活性剂Span-80的浓度为2％、Tween-20的浓度为0.05％、明胶的浓度为3％、搅拌速度为900 r／min、乳化温度为37.5℃。

When secondary building units characteristic of zeolite Beta detected by FT-IR appeared in the reaction mixture in the absence of crystals of zeolite Beta, the pre-treatment was terminated. The aluminosilicate gel with seconding building units characteristic of zeolite Beta was led to ordered-channel hexagonal mesoporous molecular sieve by the interaction between liquid-crystal micelles formed by the self-assembly of surfactants and pre-treated alumiosilicate gel. Therefore, the mesopore wall of SBU mesoporous materials showed the structural character of zeolite Beta.

当反应混合物出现用FT-IR可以检测到的Beta沸石次级结构单元且又没有生成Beta沸石晶体时，即刻终止预处理过程；然后利用表面活性剂超分子自组装形成的液晶胶团与经过预处理的无机物种通过界面作用把含有Beta沸石次级结构单元的无机物种导向为有规整孔道结构的六角中孔分子筛，这种SBU中孔材料的孔壁因而具有Beta沸石的结构特征。

Such compositions comprise at least one textile-cleaning surfactant; droplets of miscible silicones comprising both a polarly-functionalized, preferably nitrogen-containing amino or ammonium functionalized, polysiloxane component and a nitrogen-free non-functionalized or non-polarly-functionalized polysiloxane component; and a perfume component comprising fragrant aldehydes and/or ketones or a pro-perfume capable of providing such aldheyde and/or ketone perfume materials in situ.

这些组合物包含至少一种纺织品清洁表面活性剂；可混溶硅氧烷液滴，所述可混溶硅氧烷液滴不仅包含极性官能化的聚硅氧烷组分，优选含氮的氨基或铵官能化的聚硅氧烷组分，而且还包含不含氮的非官能化的或非极性官能化的聚硅氧烷组分；和包含芳香醛和/或酮的香料组分或能够就地提供这些醛和/或酮香料物质的前香料。

Frigon was chosen as the experimental, According the quality of the heavy oil materials which have high oil content and low sericin content, technical conditions were initially set at the level of low pH value 、low temperature and enforced presoaking process. And then, these surfactants and builders were chosen to test in the presoaking and refining process, getting some kinds of surfactants with lowest oil content on refined waste silk. Following that, they were tested for best oil-removing effect in mixture.

实验中，选择了滞头原料为试验原料，根据绢纺愿料冶胶量低，含油量高的特点，初步确定了低pH值、低温和加强预浸的工艺方案，然后对所选的各类表面活性剂和助剂进行了预浸、精练工艺试验，从中选出较好的几个品种进行不同类型的复配试验，在复配的基础上试验工艺条件—温度、时间、碱用量对残油率、残胶率的影响确定小样最佳工艺。

The effects of such parameters as temperature, pH, feeding rate,concentration, [NH_3]_T/_T molar ratio, surfactants and agitation, on the morphology and size of the particles, were studied and conclusions obtained are as follows:(1) The morphology and size of the particles are mainly decided by the species of nickel oxalates present.(2) Speeding up dissolution-recrystallization process benefits the preparation of the particles of being composed of a single species with uniform morphology and high aspect ratio.(3) The variations of nucleation and growth supersaturation under different conditions have definite effects on the morphology and size of the particles.(4) Adding PVP25 at a proper amount is beneficial to the preparation of fibrous nickel oxalate particles with high aspect ratio. 3 The formation mechanism as well as the morphology and size control of fibrous cobalt oxalate particlesThe cobalt oxalate particles with fibre morphology were prepared using CoCl_2 solution and mixed(NH_4)_2C_2O_4, NH_3·H_2O solution by a double jet process.

研究了温度、pH值、加料速度、浓度、[NH_3]_T/_T摩尔比、表面活性剂及其添加量、搅拌等对颗粒形貌与粒度的影响，主要结论为：(1)草酸镍化合物种类是决定颗粒形貌与粒度的最主要因素；(2)提高陈化中溶解—再结晶速度，有利于得到物相单一，形貌规整，轴向比大的粉末；(3)不同条件下，颗粒形核与生长过饱和度改变，也会对粉末形貌与粒度产生一定影响；(4)适量添加PVP25有利于大轴向比纤维状草酸镍的制备。3纤维状草酸钴的形成机理及其形貌与粒度控制采用CoCl_2溶液与(NH_4)_2C_2O_4和NH_3·H_2O混合溶液并流加料合成的方法，研究了纤维状草酸钴的制备。

In the present dissertation, a surfactant-templated mesoporous silica molecular sieve with high pore volume, high porosity and narrow bimodal mesopore size distribution was synthesized for the first time in a reaction system, which was used usually in the synthesis of mesoporous MCM-41 molecular sieves, by a judiciously controlled two-phase sol-gel processing under basic conditions.

在本论文中，我们通过对一个通常用于制备介孔MCM-41分子筛的反应体系中正硅酸乙酯水解与缩合反应相对速率的精确调控，首次在弱碱性体系中合成了一种具有高孔隙率、大孔体积和双介孔孔分布特征的新型二氧化硅分子筛材料，简记为BMS，并对BMS二氧化硅分子筛中双介孔结构形成的原因及各种可能对其结构和性质产生影响的合成因素如Ammonia／silica摩尔比、组分浓度的变化、表面活性剂烷基链长度的调节、辅助有机物均三甲苯的引入、催化剂的结构和性质、溶剂和助溶剂的极性和用量、老化和干燥条件的变化及合成后水热处理等，利用不同的测试手段如XRD，SEM，TEM，〓Si MAS NMR，TG-DTA，N〓吸附测试等进行了系统的表征研究。

A process for making an electronic device which comprises applying a nonaqueous plate-resistant ink by ink jet printing to selected areas of a dielectric substrate, optionally laminated with an electrically conductive metal, exposing the plate resistant ink to actinic and/or particle beam radiation to effect polymerisation, adding one or more metal layers by electrolytic or electroless deposition, the upper layer of which is an etchresistant metal, removing the polymerised plate-resistant ink with alkali and finally removing the electrically conductive metal which are optionally directly laminated to the dielectric substrate and not protected by an upper layer of etch-resistant metal by chemical etching wherein the plate-resistant ink is substantially solvent-free and comprises: A 30 to 90 parts acrylate functional monomers free from acid groups comprising mono- or higher functionality wherein 5 to 95% by weight are mono-functional monomers; B 1 to 30 parts acrylate functional monomer containing one or more acid groups; C 0 to 20 parts polymer or prepolymer; D 0 to 20 parts radical initiator; E 0 to 5 parts colorant; F 0 to 5 parts surfactant; and where the ink has a viscosity of not greater than 30 cPs at 40 DEG C and all parts are by weight.

一种制备电子装置的方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：通过喷墨印刷在任选层压了一种或多种导电金属的介电底材的选定区域涂覆非水的阻沉积油墨，将所述阻沉积油墨暴露在光化辐射和/或微粒束辐射中以完成聚合，通过电解沉积或无电沉积增加一层或多层金属层，其中最上层的金属层为一种或多种阻蚀刻金属，用碱除去聚合的阻沉积油墨，最后通过化学蚀刻将任选直接层压在所述介电底材上并且不被一种或多种阻蚀刻金属的上层保护的导电金属除去，其中所述阻沉积油墨基本不含溶剂，并且包含以下组分：A30-90份不含酸基团的丙烯酸酯功能性单体，所述单体包括单官能或多官能单体，其中5-95％重量为单官能单体；B1-30份包含一个或多个酸基团的丙烯酸酯功能性单体；C0-20份聚合物或预聚物；D0-20份自由基引发剂；E0-5份着色剂；和F0-5份表面活性剂；其中所述油墨的粘度在40℃下不高于30cPs，并且所有的份数以重量计。

In order to disclosure the reason why the electrocatalysis activeness and selectivity droped after being used several hundred hours continuously, the x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscope have been used to characterize the surface condition variations of Monel metal. The results indicated: Monel metal belongs to the Cu-Ni alloy around the electrolysis experiment.And after being used for 600hr, the surface layer element composition and geometry distribution of the alloy changed, namely in the alloy the Cu element /which superficial free enthalpy was smaller,"concentrated" to the alloy surface,and formed one kind of marble structure microcrystallite.Thus the electrode surface becamed rough a

为了揭示蒙乃尔合金阴极在连续使用数百个小时后电催化活性剂选择性下降的原因，采用X射线衍射仪、电子扫描电镜和电子能谱分析仪对电解实验所用的蒙乃尔阴极材料在电解实验前后的表面状态进行了表征，结果表明：所使用的蒙乃尔合金阴极材料在电解实验前后均属于Cu-Ni合金，使用600hr后，由于表面层元素组成和几何排布发生了变化，即合金中表面自由焓较小的Cu元素向合金表面&富集&，形成一种大理石结构的微晶，表面粗糙、不均一，这是造成其对硝基苯电还原的催化活性及选择性随着使用时间延长而逐渐下降的主要原因，同时也为此类电极的修饰改进提供了方向。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。