膜内的

Using poly (4-merhylpentene-l) as a membrane material and cyclohexane, irich-loroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, mixture of cyclohexane and trichloroethylene or tetrachloro-ethylene as solvents, the solution were cast to form homogeneous dense membranes, and the crystalline properties and surface morphology were investigated by DSC and TEM.

以聚4-甲基戊烯-1为膜材质，分别以环己烷、三氯乙烯、四氯乙烯、环己烷/三氯乙烯及环己烷/四氯乙烯为溶剂，研究了这些溶液浇铸膜的结晶性质和表面形态。结果表明，溶剂对PMP的相对溶解能力和挥发速度同所成膜内PMP的结晶形式和结晶度密切相关；不同溶剂体系的PMP溶液浇铸膜的表面形态也不尽相同。

Since NXR is a dissoluble enzyme, located at the inner side of the membranes of cells, its function is dependent on the electron transfer chain related to membranes.

由于它是可溶性的膜内酶，其催化机理与膜内电子传递密切联系，给它的研究带来了一定的困难。

Specifically, itcontains 8 chapters.In chapter 1, the formation, structures, properties and the futureprospect of liposome were thoroughly reviewed;In chapter 2, the stibility and permeability of phopholipid -eleostericacid liposome were studied together with the effect of polymerizationof eleostearic acid. This membrane system was very sensitive to 〓,the effect of 〓 was clarified to increase the aggregation/fusion ofliposomes and made the permeability of mixed liposomes much higher;In chapter 3, two polymerizable conjugated diyne bolaamphiphiles were synthesized. They could form very stable mixed liposome, andthe diyne could be polymerized by UV light in bilayer liposomes, as aresult, the stability of mixed liposome against solvent or surfactantafter polymerization were enhanced. In chapter 4, two kinds of amphiphilic amino acids were synthesized andstable liposomes were formed therefrom After the condensationpolymerization of amino acid in bilayer liposomes, stable polypeptide liposomes were obtained, which had lower phase transition temperatureand higher permeability.In chapter 5, four kinds of glycolipids were synthesized and theiraggregation behavior in water was comparied. When incorporated intophospholipid bilayer membranes, they could increase the phase transitiontemperatures and inhibit the aggregation and fusion of mixedliposomesat lower temperature.In chapter 6 and 7, three kinds of steroidal bolaamphiphiles withdifferent chain lengths were synthesized. Incorporation of steroidalmoiety to the center of lipid bilayer membrane obviously increased themobility of lipid membrane and shifted Tc to lower temperature side incomparasion with cholesterol. The bolaamphiphile which was shorter thanthe hosted lipid bilayer membrane thickness influenced the lipid packingmore obviously.

全文共分8章：第一章对脂质体的形成、结构、性质及展望进行了较为详细的文献综述；第二章研究了磷脂-桐酸脂质体的稳定性，通透能力及桐酸的聚合对这些性质的影响；磷脂-桐酸混合脂质体为一类对〓灵敏的脂质体，〓的作用首先是使脂质体集聚然后使脂质体融合，并加速内包荧光物的释放；第三章通过合成两种可聚合共轭双炔双极性双亲分子DDCA，DDOL，研究了共双炔分子在双分子层脂质体膜上的聚合及对脂质体性质的影响，聚合可以提高脂质体相对于溶剂及表面活性剂的稳定性；第四章合成了两类氨基酸为极性基团的双亲分子，它们均可以在超声下形成稳定的脂质体结构；氨基酸基团可以在脂质体上进行缩聚反应，若聚合后脂质体表面仍有足够的亲水能力，则可得到稳定的多肽型脂质体；聚合后脂质体的相变温度降低，通透能力增加；第五章合成了四种亲水基团为单糖基的双亲分子GL-l，GL-2，GL-3， GL-4，研究了它们在水中的分散情况、集合体形态与分子结构的关系；在DMPC双分子层膜中加入糖脂分子可以使脂质体的相变温度提高，阻止脂质体在低温放置时的集聚与融合；第六章-第七章合成了三种不同碳链长度的双极性含胆甾环双亲分子 CL-1，CL-2，CL-3；它们可以象胆固醇一样与磷脂混合形成稳定脂质体，胆甾环基团位于脂质体双分子层膜的中间；与胆固醇的作用相反，它们可以增加磷脂双分子层膜的流动性，降低混合脂质体的相变温度；三种分子的作用与其碳链长度和磷脂双分子层膜的厚度有关，比膜厚度短的分子影响最大。

Methods A microanatomical study was conducted in 50 sides specimens for designing and using middle fossa epidural approach.A retrospective contract review of 98 patients with TN treated via intradural or epidural approach (1978～1997)was undertaken.

在50侧尸体头标本上进行中颅底显微解剖研究，设计硬膜外手术方案，并对我科经硬膜内入路和硬膜外入路治疗的98例(1978～1997)三叉神经瘤病例进行回顾性对比分析。

Was simultaneously injected into cisterna magna at the second injection blood in the presence of subarachnoid blood. At 2 to 4 days, GFP was expressed in leptomeninges over the brain stem, cortex and cerebral arteries, smooth muscle cells of small vessels were occasionlly transduced. GFP was expressed in adventitia of spastic basilar artery on days 2 (day 5 after first injection blood) after injection 〓, but was undetectable by days 4, transgene was not expressed in medial or intimal layers. The prensence of subarachnoid blood can not prevent access of adenovirus to vessels and transgene expression.

注入腺病毒载体后2天（初次注血第5天）行荧光显微镜、免疫组织化学和RT-PCR检测，结果在颅内大血管如基底动脉的外膜可见外源基因的表达，而外源基因不能转移至血管中膜和内膜，4天时（初次注血第7天）基底动脉的外膜中外源基因表达消失；注入腺病毒载体后2～4天，外源基因可以有效转移至颅底软脑膜细胞，小血管外膜和平滑肌层也可见外源基因的表达，表明蛛网膜下腔内的血凝块不能阻止腺病毒载体介导外源基因转移至颅内血管。

Firstly, the acute cytotoxicity of profenofos on FG-9307 cells was studied, it was found that the cell growth rate was markedly reduced by profenofos at all the concentrations tested; and that the fine structures of the cells were also altered by profenofos, as evidenced by dilation of nuclear membranes and mitochondria cristae, and presence of enlarged lysosomes with engulfed organelles and numerous vacuoles in the cytoplasm.

丙溴磷对FG-9307的急性细胞毒性研究结果发现：1）在所有实验浓度下，细胞的生长速度均受到抑制。2）细胞的超微结构被丙溴磷所改变，最明显的特征则是线粒体损伤严重，嵴肿胀，部分溶解破裂；核膜肿胀，有溶解；细胞内的电子密度高的溶酶体增多；内质网的膜溶解，核糖体从粗面内质网上脱落下来，游离于胞质中。

The clue is the prominent eosinophilic and hyalinized so-called "glassy membrane" band in between dark spindle granulosa layer and lutinized theca interna. There are scattered lutinized thecal cells in theca interna with ample pink cytoplasm which are usually seen in childhood or pregnancy.

诊断线索是明显的嗜酸性胞质和位于暗梭形颗粒细胞层和黄素化卵泡膜之间的透明化的所谓&透明膜&带，在卵泡膜内层有散在黄素化卵泡膜细胞，胞质淡粉染，这种细胞常见于儿童期或孕期。

Aiming at the problem that the seeds picked up by the suction plate of the seed metering device cannot accurately fall into the seed pit opener as well as into the seed pit, an innovated seed metering device on which the seed dropping angle can be adjusted within a certain range and a new testing stand have been developed in accordance with the mathematical calculation model that had 'in accordance with the mathematical calculation model that had been established previously.

本论文根据2BQM-2型气吸式精量铺膜播种机的结构和工作原理，针对该机在实际播种中，吸种盘吸出的种子不能满足准确地落入在膜上滚动开穴的鸭嘴内，并及时地排入到鸭嘴所成的穴孔内的设计要求，进行了一定的试验研究，利用已建立的计算数学模型，设计新的试验台，改进排种器，使排种器的落种角度可以在一定的范围内调整。

Activation of the surface DORs causes a slow Ca〓 elevation by both inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate receptor-mediated intracellular Ca〓 release and extracellular Ca〓 entry, resulting in a slow and long-lasting increase in intracellular Ca〓, exocytosis, DOR insertion and CGRP release.

激活DOR引起的DOR的上膜是依赖于LDCV与细胞膜的融合和细胞内的钙离子升高。激活DORs可以引起胞内IP3钙库的释放，和一种不通过电压依赖性钙通道的外钙内流；从而引起DOR的上膜和神经肽的分泌。

Through the contrastive experiment and the numerical simulation between the pulverized coal and the char without volatile, the interaction of volatile flame, CO gas reaction and char particle combustion is studied.

碳粒燃烧的连续膜模型的计算结果和FTIR E-T测温实验结果表明，在实际煤粉火焰条件下，单膜模型和严格的连续膜模型的预报结果相差较大，特别是对着火点及着火后某段区间内的颗粒温度的预报，是仅考虑表面氧化反应C+1/2O〓→CO的单膜模型所无法完成的，这说明了单膜模型存在一定的应用局限性。

Objective To investigate the effects of interleukin-1 β converting enzyme gene on the biologic characteristics of ovarian cancer cells.

目的 探讨白细胞介素-1 β转换酶的表达，对卵巢癌细胞生物学特性的影响。

Campylobacter: This illness is the most commonly identified cause of diarrheal illness in the world.

弯曲：这种病是最常见的原因查明腹泻病，在世界上。