腐殖质的

Moreover, Heilongjiang blackland boasts humus soil better than other kind, with humus content 5 -10 times higher than yellow and red soils.

之所以有如此高的赞誉与评价，概因土壤肥沃：黑龙江所处的寒地黑土土壤的肥力、理化性质和土质结构都优于其他各类土壤，仅就腐殖质而言，就是黄土和红土的5倍至10倍。

The intensity of humic acid sorption on kaolinite, gibbsite and quartz is related to the nature and number of adsorption site of the minerals, the electricity and the specific surface.

矿物结合的腐殖质可改变矿物的表面性质，矿物对腐殖酸的吸附强度与矿物的吸附位性质、密度、荷电性及比表面积有关。

Therefore, the aim of these treatments is to provide a mature, stabilized organic material in which the humification process,Which typically occurs under natural soil conditions, has started and has reached an adequate degree with the production of "real" humic substances.

因此，这些处理的目的就是要提供一个成熟的稳定的有机物质，在其中腐殖化作用（自然土壤条件下的典型现象）已经发生而且已经达到一个足够的程度，能产生真正的腐殖质。

With the extension of fertilization with organic , especially with the combination with organic and inorganic fertilizer,the soil readily oxidizable organic matter increased, while Kos decreased ; The soil active humus content, humus acid and E4/ E6 value were increased , while molecular weight and aromaticity of humus acid were decreased , thus progress to humus formation and quality of organic matter were enhanced.

随着有机肥特别是有机无机氮肥配施的年限延长，土壤易氧化有机质的含量逐渐增加， Kos 下降；提高了土壤松结态腐殖质含量，提高胡敏酸的比例；提高胡敏酸的E4/ E6值，降低土壤胡敏酸的分子量及芳构化程度；从而促进土壤腐殖化进程，改善有机质的品质。

Conventionally the layers have been divided into A, B and C horizons. The A horizon is the upper layer, containing humus and is leached and,or eluviated of many minerals. The B horizon forms a zone of deposition and is enriched with clay minerals and iron,aluminium oxides from the A layer. The C layer is the parent material for the present soil and may be partially weathered rock, transported glacial or alluvial material or an earlier soil.

传统上可将土壤分成A、B、C三层。A层是位於最上面的一层，含有腐殖质，许多矿物质在该层中沥滤和淋溶。B层是个沉积区，富集了大量的来自A层的粘土矿物质和铁，铝氧化物。C层是现在土壤的母质层，也可能是风化的岩石、来自冰河或冲积层的物质、或早期土壤遗留下来的。

The influences of environmental factors on the abiotic methylation were studied. The biggest production of methylmercury was found after 2 days of incubation in presence of FA. The rate of production of methylmercury depends upon temperature. In presence of FA from sediment, the biggest production of methylmercury was found under 40℃. In presence of FA from soil, production rate increases with temperature. The biggest production of methylmercury was found when solution pH was 2 and 4 in presence of FA from sediment and soil, respectively. Increase in concentrations of inorganic mercury and FA solution causes an increase in the production of methylmercury. Under irradiation with ultraviolet ray, blacklight lamp as well as natural light, methylation is stimulated, especial for irradiation of ultraviolet light.

环境条件对汞甲基化作用的影响研究得出，在底泥和土壤FA体系中甲基汞产量均在反应2天后达到最大值；在底泥FA体系中汞的甲基化在反应温度为40℃时产量最大，而在土壤FA体系中，甲基汞产量在10～60℃之间随反应温度升高而增加；底泥和土壤FA体系中汞的甲基化分别在pH值为2和4时最大；甲基汞产量均随无机汞浓度和腐殖质浓度的增加而增加；紫外线、黑光灯和自然光照射都可促进甲基汞的生成，紫外线的作用尤其明显。

Main contents of the course includes: related conceptions, matter of soil, soil texture, soil organic matter, soil humus, soil structure, soil moisture, soil air, soil acidity and soil alkalinity, soil colloid, cation exchange, soil former soil-forming process, soil classification, distributions and properties of soil great group in China (fores soil, steppe soil, main non-zonal soil, paddy soil, etc), soil erosion, soil contamination, soil utilization, conservation of soil resource, soil investigation, etc.

土壤地理学是地理科学专业的主要基础课程之一，是一门必修课程；要求掌握土壤地理学基本的理论、知识和方法；主要内容有：有关概念、土壤组成物质、土壤质地、土壤有机质、土壤腐殖质、土壤结构、土壤水分、土壤空气、土壤酸碱性、土壤胶体、土壤阳离子交换、土壤形成因素、土壤形成过程、土壤分类、中国主要土壤类型（森林土壤、草原土壤、主要的非地带性土壤、水稻土等）的分布及其性质、土壤侵蚀、土壤污染、土壤资源的利用与保护、土壤调查研究等。

The local factors such as topography, vegetations and soil moisture contents, have great influences on the distribution, ground temperatures, and ground ice contents of permafrost. About 50 km of wetlands have been identified along the China-Russia crude oil pipeline route. In these segments, the surficial deposits consist of peat and humic layers on the top of thick ground-ice, or ice-rich permafrost. The frozen ground engineering geology conditions in wetlands generally are the worst for building and operating the pipeline. The hazardous periglacial processes, such as the widespreadpresence of pingos, icings and frost mounds due to the extensive occurrence of the frost-susceptible soils and ample supplies of surface and ground waters in winter pose significant threats on pipeline operation.

地形地貌单元、植被分布、地表水分条件的变化等局部因素对多年冻土的分布和地下冰的赋存产生重要的影响，管道沿线大约分布有50 km左右的沼泽湿地，其表层为腐殖质土及泥炭层，泥炭层下面分布着含土冰层或地下冰，是管道沿线最差的冻土工程地质地段；由于中俄原油管道沿线水系发育多，冻胀丘、冰椎和冰幔等不良冻土现象广泛分布。

It usually grows in humus between cracks in sandstone talus of rock screes , either as solitary individuals or in small groups , in light woodland of Afromontane evergreen forests.

奇异君子兰长在遍地石块的山的斜坡上的裂缝中的腐殖质里，它们或者独居，或者群生，这些地方往往有较少的非洲红豆木长绿树林覆盖。

The compost of agricultural waste materials is the process that under the function of microorganism, the organic matter turn into well-rotted manure by the way of the organic matter being mineralized and humus and harmless.

农业废弃物的堆腐是在微生物作用下，通过发酵使有机物矿质化、腐殖化和无害化而变成腐熟肥料的过程，在微生物分解有机物的过程中，不但生成大量可被植物吸收利用的有效态氮、磷、钾化合物，而且又合成新的高分子有机物---腐殖质。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。