腐殖质的

Chernozem A freely draining CALCAREOUS SOLL found in regions with high summer rainfall, characterized by humus distributed fairly evenly throughout the profile.

黑钙土：在夏季降水多的地区发现的一种含钙的土壤，它的特点是腐殖质的分布比较均匀。

Results showed that the topsoil structure of the CK treatment was dense with little porosity developed, and the soil microstructure was sandy granular fabric - granular fabric. In these treatments using chemical fertilizers only, the soil particles did not form soil structure with little porosity, and the soil microstructures in the N, NP or NPK treatment were observed as prophyropectic fabric-fine sand agglomerplasmic fabric, much better than the CK treatment. In those treatments receiving farm manure alone or farm manure plus chemical fertilizers, the quantity of groundmass increased obviously. The soil had a loosen structure, higher porosity, enriched animal and plant residua, iron-manganese nodules and humus, and more micro-aggregates developed. The soil microstructure of the MNPK treatment was pectized-compacted takyric fabric-intertextic fabric, the best microstructure observed among all the treatments.

结果表明：长期不施肥料的CK处理，土壤耕层结构致密，很少有孔隙发育，土壤微结构为结构较差的碎屑聚积状-沙粒聚积状；长期单施化学肥料，土壤颗粒未形成结构体，少孔隙，土壤微结构主要为斑晶胶凝状－细沙粒聚积状结构，土壤结构比CK处理优；长期施用有机肥或有机无机肥料配施的处理，土壤粗颗粒数量显著增加，结构疏松，孔隙量大，动、植物残体丰富，有铁锰结核和腐殖质的形成和微团聚体的发育，土壤微结构类型以MNPK处理最好，为胶凝紧实状－多孔状结构。

A long-term combinition of organic manure with chemical fertilizers could improve the humification of soil humus, enhance the activity of humus, reduce the antioxidization ability of soil organic carbon, and increase the nutrient-supplying capacity, so was the best fertilization model for maintaining the soil fertility.

长期有机肥与化肥配施，对改善土壤腐殖质的腐殖化程度和提高其活性，降低土壤有机碳的抗氧化能力，提高土壤养分供应能力具有良好的作用，是保持土壤肥力的最优施肥方式。

In the South of Hunan with cigarette-rice multiple cropping, the pH is medium and high, the organic matter is high, but the humus content is low in the organic matter; N and Zn are abundant, P is very scarce, about 60% of soils is lack of B seriously.

以年内烟－稻复种连作为主的湘南烟区，土壤pH偏高，有机质含量高，但有机质中腐殖质的比例较低；土壤中的氮和锌比较丰富，钾很缺乏，有近60％的土壤严重缺硼。

The contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, phosphorus, iron, manganese, copper, zinc can be increased, and the contents of hydrolizable nitrogen and their forms , Fe-P, Al-P, Ca〓-P, all organic P forms, exchangeable and organic iron, manganese, copper, zinc are increased obviously in long-term application organic manure soil. Not only the contents of soil readily oxidizable carbon, humic acid, fuluic acid, and HA/FA value are increased and Kos value decreased but also the available nitrogen, phosphorus, iron, manganese, copper, zinc are kept more high level in the organic manure soils. Long-term mulching straw has similar role with organic manure for soil nutrient except for decreasing total phosphorus, available P, N and Ca〓-P, but its fertilizer efficiency is not better than organic manure.

有机肥还具有提高土壤易氧化碳和松结态腐殖质含量，降低kos值，提高土壤HA、FA含量及其比值的作用，使土壤中有效态氮、磷、铁、锰、铜和锌含量处于中上等水平；长期秸秆还田除了不增加土壤全磷、有效氮和磷等外，对其他养分的作用效果与有机肥相似，但其肥效不如有机肥；长期氮磷化肥单施，土壤全氮和磷增加，有机质、铁、锰、铜和锌含量下降，易氧化碳、松结态腐殖质、HA和FA含量、kos和HA/FA值下降；长期不施肥土壤有机质、全氮等养分处于消耗状态。

Soil oxidoreductase is a group of enzymes catalyzing many important soil biochemical reactions and concerning with the transformation of soil organic matter,formation of humic substance,and dynamics of soil fertility.

土壤氧化还原酶是存在于土壤中的一种重要酶类，参与土壤中为数众多的重要生物化学反应，与土壤中有机物质的转化、腐殖质的形成以及土壤肥力变化密切相关。

This paper reviewed the research on dynamic and balance of soil nutrient pool under long-term fertilization conditions,mainly about some active aspects which included dynamic variations of total nitrogen,available N,total phosphorus,available P,total potassium,available K,and organic carbon in soil; dynamic variations of ammonium N,amino acid N,amino sugar N,unknown N,non hydrolyzable N and microbiomass N in soil nutrient pool; changes of Ca2-P,Ca8-P,Al-P,Fe-P,O-P,labile organic P,moderately labile organic P,moderately stable P,highly stable P and microbiomass P in soil; changes of loosely,stably and tightly combined humus,humic and fulvic acids in soil carbon pool; effects of long-term fertilization on organic-mineral complex status in soil; nutrients cycling and balance of agricultural soil nutrients pool.

扼要地概述了国内外近年来关于长期施肥条件下土壤养分库的动态与平衡方面的研究成果。主要介绍并讨论了土壤氮、磷、钾养分全量及有效量的动态变化，土壤有机碳含量的动态变化；铵态氮、氨基酸态氮、氨基糖态氮、酸解未知态氮、非水解残渣氮及微生物体氮在土壤氮库中的动态变化；Ca2 P、Ca8 P、Al P、Fe P、闭蓄态磷，活性有机磷、中度活性有机磷、中稳性有机磷、高稳性有机磷及微生物体磷在土壤磷库中的动态变化；土壤碳库中松结态腐殖质、稳结态腐殖质、紧结态腐殖质以及富里酸和胡敏酸的动态变化；长期施肥对土壤有机无机复合状况的影响；农田土壤养分库的养分循环与养分平衡。

The two reservoirs are the main sources of drinking water in Guiyang. The source of water comes from some streams in drainage area.

分子量变化的程度可以进一步理解DOM的自然形成过程，也可以在引用水处理过程中优化腐殖质的去除过程。

This paper studied the effects of different crop stubbles put in soil on soil humus by cultural experiment of churnozem.

通过黑钙土的培养试验，研究了不同作物根茬施入土壤后对土壤腐殖质的影响。

In chemical terms, humic substances are condensations of aromatic compounds combined with the decomposition products of proteins and polysaccharides.

在化学条款中，腐殖质的物质是把芳香的化合物与蛋白质和多糖的分解产品结合起来的凝聚。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。