肺

A pulmonary acinus is defined as that portion of lung distal to the terminal bronchiole, and up to 12 acini can make up one secondary pulmonary lobule.

肺腺泡是指肺终末支气管远端的部分，12个腺泡组成一个次级肺小叶。

We further evaluated the synergistic cytotoxicity of TRAIL in combination with actinomycin D, cisplatin and paclitaxel in A549 cell lines in vitro and in vivo.

本实验选择了人肺腺癌A549细胞瘤株作为我们实验研究的对象，通过TRAIL对人肺腺癌A549细胞诱导凋亡研究，在A549的荷瘤裸鼠的动物模型上研究了其体内的抗肿瘤活性，并进一步研究了TRAIL与化疗药物放线菌素D(actinomycin D，Act D)、紫杉醇和顺铂(cisplatin，CDDP)的联合作用对人肺腺癌A549细胞的体外协同抗肿瘤活性，通过化疗药物协同增强TRAIL抗肿瘤活性作用机制的初步研究，为降低临床化疗药的用药量，减轻其对机体的不良反应提供一定的理论基础。

In this experimental conditions, the VEC had not damnified obviously by perfusion with IECS in 4 hours. The pulmonary vascular resistance could decreased by POE1 and so vascular endolhelial cells would be protected. Mannitol not only increase osmotic pressure but also cleanse OFR. The addition of mannitol, POE1, glucose and osmotic pressure to IEC solution contributes to reduce the quantities of OFR.

2在本实验条件下所采用的IECS进行犬肺灌洗、离体保存4h之内肺血管内皮细胞无明显损伤，PGE；具有保护肺血管内皮细胞的作用；甘露醇具有增加渗透压和清除自由基的作用；灌洗前肺动脉内注射PGE；及增加 ECS渗透压和代谢底物、提高PH值使之略微偏碱均有助于抑制供体肺离体、低温、冷缺血保存期间OFR的产生。

Methods The chest of the confirmed diagnosis of 101 cases of silicosis and 6 objects of observation were radiographed by the CR high thousand voltageand and the tradition high thousand voltage. Refereing to Diagnostic Criteria of Pnemoconioses and 23 chest standard films, we evaluated every radiograph quality and divided the period of silicosis at random.

将已确诊的101例肺尘埃沉着症患者和6例O+患者，采用CR高千伏和传统高千伏两种方法，各摄胸部正位片1张，由肺尘埃沉着症诊断小组，按照肺尘埃沉着症病诊断标准(GBZ 70-2002)及23张标准片，随机对每张胸片质量和肺尘埃沉着症诊断及其分期进行评定。

A total of 60 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided two groups, each group was further subdivided into sham, control, SS group (n=6, per subgroup), animas were sacrificed at different reperfusion periods of 2 h and 24 h, respectively. Oxygenation indexes, lung injury scores, wet/dry ratio, myeloperoxidase activity, Malondialdehyde and cytokine-induced neutrophil chemotactic factor in the transplanted lung and serum were measured.

雄性SD大鼠60只，随机分2组，每组又分3个亚组（n=6）：假手术组、0.9%氯化钠液对照组、西维来司钠组，分别在冷缺血4 h后再灌注2 h和24 h收集标本，测量移植肺氧合指数（PO2/FiO2）、肺损伤病理评分、移植肺湿干重比、髓过氧化物酶活性（MPO、肺组织和血清中丙二醛、细胞因子诱导的中性粒细胞趋化因子。

Histologic analyses showed intra-alveolar edema, capillary hyperemia and neutrophil accumulated in the control group, whereas no significant changes in the lung protective group.

肺组织活检病理检查结果，对照组肺组织可见中性粒细胞浸润、肺间质水肿、肺泡壁小血管扩张、充血；保护组肺组织病理改变较轻微。

The oxygen index was higher in the lung protect group than that of in the control group at 0, 6, 12 and 24 h after CPB (P.05). In both groups, compared with the baseline values, plasma levels of MDA, IL-6 and TNF-α were gradually increased after CPB. Compared to the control group, the level of MDA, IL-6 and TNF-α were lower in the protective group at different time point after CPB (P.01). Histologic analyses showed intra-alveolar edema, capillary hyperemia and neutrophil accumulated in the control group, whereas no significant changes in the protective group.

结果 保护组各时点血氧指数均高于对照组(P.05)，CPB后血浆MDA、IL-6和TNF-α水平较术前升高(P.05)；在CPB后各时间点，肺保护组患者血浆IL-6、TNF-α和MDA均低于对照组(P.05)；对照组肺组织可见中性粒细胞浸润、肺间质水肿、肺泡壁小血管扩张、充血，保护组肺组织炎性反应较轻微。

These animals were killed after 24 hours of treatments and instillation of meconiums. The measurements included lung tissue wet/dry ratio,lung injury score,the expression and level of AngⅡ,lung myeoperoxidase activity and TNF-α level.

模型制备后24h取材，观察其肺组织病理损伤并检测湿/干重比及进行病理评分；检测AngⅡ在肺组织的表达情况及用图像分析方法检测其含量；测定肺组织中肿瘤坏死因子-α的含量及肺匀浆髓过氧化物酶活性。

Results:Compared with the normal controls, manifestations of severe right heart failure,well-elevated pulmonary arterial pressure and serious right heart hypertrophywere observed in the pulmonary hypertensive rats 28 days after left lungresection and MCT injection.

结果：与对照组相比，MCT 注射后28 天大鼠出现重度右心衰竭征象，平均肺动脉压、右室肥厚度均明显升高；镜下可见明显肺血管重构，表现为右肺纤维化、肺小动脉内皮和中膜平滑肌层增生、血管密度降低；肺组织中HGF、eNOS 表达明显减少、TGF-β和ET-1 显著升高(P0.05)，这些细胞因子表达量的改变与肺血管重构存在着明显的相关性。

The morphologic changes were observed with microscopy. It was observed that the values of NOS, MPO, MDA of the muscle and lung in LIR group increased significantly and the content of PC decreased obviously compared with those of the normal control.

结果显示，与对照组比较，LIR组骨骼肌和肺组织NOS活性均增强，MDA值、MPO活性增加，W/D值增大，肺PC含量降低；光镜下，肺间质多形核粒细胞聚集和浸润，肺间隔面密度值增加。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。