肺

Pulmonary pneumatocele is a cystic lesion within the lung that usually occurs in associated with the penumonia. It could enlarge to compress the adjacent lung, heart, mediastinum, then to cause respiratory or cardiovascular compromise, and possibly fatal outcome.

肺囊肿是肺内的一个囊状病兆，通常它的发生和肺炎有关，肺囊肿可以慢慢增大到压迫周围的肺、心脏和纵隔腔，造成呼吸或心脏衰竭，甚至可能会致命。

objective to evaluate the main points and complications of ct-guided percutaneous pneumocentesis in patients with lung lesions.methods cook 18～21g puncture needle was used to inserting aspiration in the optimal level,situs,angle and depth.and had made of multidrop.fifty-nine patients with lung lesions underwent ct-guided percutaneous pneumocentesis and follow-up.results the successful puncture rate was 100%,accurate diagnose rate was 92%(54/59).conclusion ct-guided pneumocentesis for chest lesion is a efficient and safe diagnostic method.but it is important to improve the doctor′s operating skill to lessen vascular complication.

目的 探讨ct引导下经皮肺穿刺活检的技术要点及并发症。方法采用cook公司18～21g自动弹射活检枪，选择最佳层面、进针点、进针角度和深度，行多点取材。回顾性分析59例肺内病变ct引导下经皮肺穿刺活检术。结果穿刺成功率100%，活检诊断准确率为92%（54/59）。3例发生轻度气胸，2例穿刺后咯血痰。结论 ct引导下经皮肺穿刺活检术成功率高，是安全的，但操作医生熟练的技术方法非常重要，并可以减少并发症的发生。

We found for the first time that the epithelium of bronchus of normal broilersexpressed iNOS mRNA.iNOS activity in the epithelium of bronchus of preascitic andascitic broilers were higher than normal broilers,but there was no iNOS activity inpulmonary vessels of all the three types broilers.The results indicated that the increasedNOS expression in pulmonary vessels of preascitic and ascitic broilers was not iNOS.

首次发现在肉鸡肺动脉高压发展过程中，肺血管NOS的表达是增加的，尤其是正常鸡无NOS表达的肺小血管内皮和平滑肌在腹水鸡却呈高水平表达，且NOS活性增加的肺小血管也同时存在管壁平滑肌层增厚或无肌型血管肌化的结构重建现象，结果提示NOS表达增强可能与肺血管中膜增厚有关。

Methods: This study investigated 284 coal miners, including 122 with X-ray Category 0 and 162 with Categories 1, 2, and 3, from the medical clinics of a hospital. Spirometric measurement and tests for pulmonary diffusing capacity were conducted on each subject.

本研究自1998年至1999年於矿工内科门诊收集284位资料完整，且其胸部X光片依国际劳工组织尘肺症分类法显现Category 0或Category 1，2或3之单纯尘肺症变化的煤矿工，安排其作肺量测定及肺弥散量检查。

The prevalence of lung functional impairment in simple pneumoconiosis varies with the parameter measured, and DLco determination may be helpful in case of normal spirometric measurement. Chin J Public Health.

煤矿工单纯尘肺症肺功能障害的盛行率视参数的种类而有所不同，肺弥散量测定可以补充肺量测定之不足。

Results Thirty-one(7.64%) of 406 patients showed abnormal ventilatory function, while 165 of 404 patients showed diffusing abnormality. Of the 434 patients who had received HRCT scans,151(34.79%) showed abnormalities including subpleural and basal ground-glass and reticular attenuation,nodular septal thickening and bronchiectasis. Of the 395 patients who had received both lung function test and HRCT scanning,55(13.92%) had abnormalities both in the lung function and HRCT.

结果 在4 0 6例进行肺通气功能检测的患者中，31例(7 6 4 %)异常；4 0 4例进行肺弥散功能检测，其中16 5例(40 84 %)异常；4 34例进行胸部HRCT检查，15 1例(34 79%)异常，表现为磨玻璃密度阴影、网格状阴影和胸膜下弧线影等；395例同时接受肺弥散功能检测和胸部HRCT检查，5 5例(13 92 %)两项均异常，且HRCT显示双肺病变典型者的肺弥散功能较HRCT正常者有显著的下降，两组差异有统计学意义。

A series PCR amplification for differential control strains and DNA samples diluted gradient (1:10) have been used to evaluate the specificity and sensitivity of PCR assay established.Results 1. Detection of GAS by PCR assay: The 345bp specific fragment of speB gene were amplified in all the tested GAS strains including three strains of scarlet fever, whereas it was detected in none of the differential control strains. The lowest limit of detection was 6.5pg genome DNA of GAS strain. 2. Detection of corynebacterium diphtheria by PCR assay: The318bp specific fragment of toxB gene were amplified in all the tested toxigenic corynebacterium diphtheria strains, whereas it was detected in none of the differential control strains. The lowest limit of detection is 850fg/μl genome DNA of corynebacterium diphtheria strain. 3. Detection of Lp by PCR assay: The 340bp specific fragments of mip gene were amplified in all the tested Lp strains, whereas it was detected in none of the differential control strains including three strains of non-pneumophila.

结果：1、用PCR方法检测A组链球菌：以A组链球菌致热性外毒素基因speB为靶序列，设计的扩增引物对全部对照菌株的扩增结果为阴性，而全部A组链球菌参考株均能扩增出特异的345bp片段，其中包括三株猩红热链球菌，检测敏感性为6.5pg／μl DNA.2、用PCR方法检测白喉杆菌：以白喉外毒素基因toxB为靶序列，设计的扩增引物对全部白喉杆菌参考株均能扩增出特异的318bp片段，而全部对照株的扩增结果为阴性，检测敏感性为850fg／μl DNA.3、用PCR方法检测嗜肺军团菌：以嗜肺军团菌巨噬细胞感染增强子基因mip为靶基因，设计的引物对嗜肺军团菌14个血清型参考株均扩增出特异的340bp片段，而鉴别对照株包括三株非嗜肺军团菌均未扩增出任何片段。

Whereas changes in extravascular lung water of less than 100-200% are undetectable by other clinically applicable methods of lung injury assessment (chest radiograph and oxygenation), the single transpulmonary indicator has proven highly sensitive to small (10-20%) increases and is therefore useful to detect incipient pulmonary edema.

尽管肺血管外水分在小于100-200%的变化能够通过其他评估肺损伤的方法来评价，但是单向跨肺热指示剂法被证实能够敏感到发现10-20%的肺血管外水分的变化，因此对于发现初始的肺水肿更为有用。

Whereas changes in extraascular lung water of less than 100-200% are undetectable by other clinically applicable methods of lung injury assessment (chest radiograph and oxygenation), the single transpulmonary indicator has proen highly sensitie to small (10-20%) increases and is therefore useful to detect incipient pulmonary edema.

尽管肺血管外水分在小于100-200%的变化能够通过其他评估肺损伤的方法来评价，但是单向跨肺热指示剂法被证实能够敏感到发现10-20%的肺血管外水分的变化，因此对于发现初始的肺水肿更为有用。

Six rats of each group were randomly sacrificed on day 7,14,28 and 42 respectively.The histological changes of lung tissue were studied by HE and Masson's trichrome staining.Hydroxyproline level in lung tissue was measured by digestion method.Protein and mRNA expression of transforming growth factor-β1（TGF-β1） were assayed by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR respectively.

各组分别于造模后第7、14、28及42 d随机处死6只，取肺组织行HE、Masson染色评价肺组织病理变化，消化法测定肺组织羟脯氨酸含量，分别采用RT-PCR和免疫组化法测定肺组织转化生长因子β1（TGF-β1）的mRNA和蛋白表达。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。