细胞器官

The nerve need not be present throughout the entire period of regeneration; once the limb has begun to grow and tissues are sufficiently differentiated, the nerve may be removed without impariment of the morphegenetic potency acquired by these tissues during their earliest stage of formation. Singer (1974) has shown that it does not matter for regeneration what type of nerve, whether motor, sensory, or autonomic, is present in the blastema.

但是再生的肋骨市是「不完全发育」，神经不会在整个再生过程中呈现出来；一旦，肋骨开始生长，而且组织得到足够的养分，神经就可以从器官器官再生的部位移除，力量，是细胞在早期形成的时间得到的Singer，则证明了：任何细胞组织，对再生来说，是不相关的，不管是运动、感觉、自动的，都在胚芽中呈现。

The complexus of X organ and sinus gland was the main part of the neurosecretory of eyestalk.The X organ,which contained type I～VI neurosecretory cells,was located optic ganglion and was single nerve cell.

结果表明，克氏原螯虾眼柄神经内分泌系统主要组成部分为X器官-窦腺复合体。X器官分布在视神经节上，由I~VI型6种神经分泌细胞构成，均为单级神经元。I~VI型分泌细胞类型及数量在不同生长期存在差异。

The expression rates of CD44V5+ CD44V6+, cerbB-2+ cells in patients with metastasis, multi-metastasis nodes, DNA heteroploid, SPF elevated, and Apo decreased were higher than those of patients with non-metastasis, only one-metastasis node, DNA diploid, SPF non-elevation and Apo non-decreasing, respectively (P.01 or 0.05), while nm23+, DCC23+ and p16+ were contrary.

肿瘤转移者、多器官转移者、DNA异倍体者、SPF增高者、APO不减低者的CD44V5+、CD44V6+、cerbB-2+细胞表达率均显著高于未转移者、单器官转移者、DNA二倍体者、SPF不增高者、APO不减低者（P.01或0.05）。而nm23+、DCC+、p16+细胞的表达率与此相反。

Normal human cells can also become foreign invaders. When an organ such as a liver is tra lant form one person to another, cells from the tra lanted organ are seen as enemy invaders by the immune system of the person receiving the organ.

正常的人体细胞也可能成为外来的入侵者，例如，一个人的肝脏器官移植到另一个人的身体内，接受者的免疫系统视来自被移植器官的细胞为入侵的敌人。

Low temperature increased IAA content,but decreased the ratio of flower to apical point,ZR was similar to IAA.The change of GA was complicate,ABA content increased;Parthenocarpical cultivar had a higher ratio of flower to apical point which more than one atABA and ZR,the ratio was the highest among cultivars at GA and IAA.

低温增加了IAA含量，但降低了花器官与生长点的比值，细胞分裂素含量变化表现与IAA相似，赤霉素含量变化复杂，ABA含量增加；单性结实品种其ABA、细胞分裂素含量在低温下具有较高的花器官和生长点比值且大于l，赤霉素和生长素含量该比值也高于其他品种。

Periclinal Describing a line of cell division parallel to the surface of the organ. resuiting in the formation of periclinal walls between daughter cells and an increase in girth of the organ.

平周的：指一行细胞平行于器官表面进行分裂，导致子细胞间平周壁的形成以及器官厚度（原文为girth有误，译者注）的增加。

Signalling through CXCR4 mediates actin polymerization and pseudopodia formation in cells, and induces chemotactic and migration to target organs. In addition, CXCR4-SDF-1 axis can promote tumor angiogenesis and growth.

CXCR4在肿瘤组织中的表达明显高于正常组织，而肿瘤常见转移部位均为CXCR4的配体基质细胞衍生因子-1(stromal cell derived factor-1，SDF-1)表达丰富的器官，SDF-1与CXCR4结合后可使细胞肌动蛋白丝聚合，形成伪足，从而定向诱导肿瘤细胞迁移到特定的靶器官；此外，CXCR4与其配体SDF-1相互作用可以促进局部新生血管作用，利于肿瘤生长。

The thymuses, spleens, sera and anticoagulant blood were collected after the rats were killed, to carry out these works:(1) Zinc concentrations were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry;(2) Body weight and the weight of thymuses and spleens were measured, the organ index were calculated;(3) Changes in pathology of thymus and spleen were observed;(4) Using TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling) method, the apoptosis of thmocytes and spleen lymphocytes was checked;(5) The expression of bcl-2、bax mRNA in thymus and spleen were detected by RT-PCR (reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction);(6) The expression of p56〓, a signal transduction protein in thymus and spleen were detected by immunohistochemistry;(7) Two-color cytofluorometric analysis was used to assess the expression of CD4, CD8, CD45RA and CD45RC in peripheral blood lymphocytes.

动物处死后留组织、抗凝血及血清，进行以下检测：(1)原子吸收法测血清锌浓度；(2)测胸腺、脾脏脏器重量并与大鼠体重比较，计算脏器指数；(3)HE染色对胸腺、脾脏进行病理观察；(4)原位末端标记法测胸腺、脾脏中淋巴细胞的自发凋亡，并通过图像分析进行比较；(5)逆转录聚合酶链式反应检测凋亡调控基因bcl-2、bax mRNA在免疫器官中的表达；(6)免疫组化方法检测信号转导蛋白p56〓在免疫器官中的表达；(7)流式细胞术分析外周血淋巴细胞中CD4+、CD8+、CD45RA+及CD45RC+CD4+、CD45RC-CD4+细胞的数量和比例。

To understand the infectivity by porcine endogenous retrovirus with porcine skin fibroblast cell in vitro and in vivo, porcine skin fibroblast cell established by our laboratory were co-cultured with neo/HEK293 cell for the infection of RERV in vitro, and were subcutaneously transplantated to SCID (severe combined immuno-deficiency) mice for the infection of PERV in vivo, laying the foundation for valuation of biologic safety of xenotrans-plantation. The event of neo/HEK293 cells infected by PERV occurred during co-culture of porcine skin fibroblast cells with neo/HEK293 cells, expanding the rang of the infection of porcine endogenous retrovirus. Afterpig cells transplantated subcutaneously in SCID mice, the microchimerism (78.57%) of pig cells occurred widel, and there was phenomena of integration of PERV provirus (85.71%) in several organs or tissues remote from the injected sites, indicating infection of PERV in SCID mice in vivo. yet, there is no evidence of active viral replication in analysis of PERV env RNA of these tissues or organs.

为了解猪皮肤成纤维细胞PERV在体外和体内的感染性，通过建立猪皮肤成纤维细胞系，将所建细胞系与人胚胎肾293细胞体外共培养，并移植于严重联合免疫缺陷鼠皮下进行猪皮肤成纤维细胞PERV的体外和体内感染性实验，结果表明，猪皮肤成纤维细胞与人胚胎肾细胞共培养过程中，猪内源性逆转录病霉感染人胚胎肾细胞，进一步证实和拓宽了猪细胞PERV感染人细胞的范畴；猪皮肤成纤维细胞移植SCID鼠皮下后，导致SCID鼠发生猪细胞微嵌合(78.57%)和PERV在体内感染(85.71%)并且波及远离移植部位的多种组织或器官，但是并未检测出SCID鼠组织中表达PERV env RNA。

However,ectopic expression of this gene in other mature organs caused cell or plant death,indicating a strict regulatory role of SFL in the development of flower organs in rice.

作者发现SFL在花器官中异位表达后能激活雌蕊特征基因DL的表达，从而导致花器官的同源异型转换，而在其他成熟器官中异位表达则导致细胞死亡，显示SFL在水稻花器官发育中的特异性调控功能。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。