细胞器官

Because the objects of medicine are the "animate things", composed of active organs such as hair, skin, muscle, bone, marrow, nerve, blood, water, blood vessel, brain, heart, liver, lung, pancreas, spleen, kidney, stomach, intestine, gallbladder, bladder, nose, ear, eye and sexual organs and the above mentioned active organs can be divided into living matter of different kinds of cells; thereinto, men have penis, testicle and epididymis, spermaduct, sperm, breast undevelopment, androgen production etc.

因为，医药的对象是人类为"活物"，人类均由毛、皮、肌、骨、髓、神经、血液、水液、血管、脑、心、肝、肺、胰、脾、肾、胃、肠、胆、膀胱、鼻、耳、目、两阴等活性组织器官组成。前述活性组织器官还分有各种不同细胞的生命物质等。其中，男人有阴茎、睾丸和附睾丸、输精管、精液、乳房不发育、产生雄激素等。

Results:The number of SS positive cells increased,the intensity of immunohistochemical stai- ning increased gradually with the time away-during dependence.

生长抑素(somatostatin，55)阳性细胞是胃窦勃膜散在分布较多的内分泌细胞之一，是胃豁膜细胞保护的重要因子〔'〕，55也分布于免疫器官，与机体的免疫功能有关川。

Each medicine used in the study totally has obivious effect on lens sodium-pump. Either on the molecular and cellular level or on the histological and organic level , they all have their distinctive demonstration. 1.Ouabain、Digoxine、DMSO decrease the expression of αsubunit of sodium pump on mRNA level , the cell morphology and ultramicroscopic structure demonstrated destructive effect,it indicates the cause of cataract of the medicines.2.D-thyroxine、Amphotericin B、Vitamin E increase the expression of αsubunit of sodium pump on mRNA level ,from the demonstration of the cell morphology and ultramicroscopic structure ,it indicates the medicines have protective or anti-distructive effect on lens.3.The medicines have isoform-specific action on lens sodium-pump,it indicates exploitting isoform-specific medicine has a promising clinical application.4. Lens sodium-pumps are inhibited probably lead to cataract, so in clinical medication, especially to the cardiovascular doctor, while he is using the sodium-pump inhibitors, he should pay more attention to adjust the dosage and duration of the drug therapy. 5. To creat the animal model of cataract through inhibiting lens sodium-pump, whether it can be a kind of classical method or not, it is worthy of further research.

本研究所选用的药物对晶状体钠泵均有明显的影响作用，在分子水平、细胞水平、组织器官水平均有特异的表现：1、哇巴因、地高辛、二甲基亚砜三种药物可降低晶状体钠泵α亚单位在 mRNA水平的表达，在细胞形态和超微结构上表现为损伤效应，提示了其潜在的导致白内障的可能。2、D甲状腺素、两性霉素B、维生素 E三种药物可升高晶状体钠泵α亚单位在 mRNA水平的表达，从细胞形态和超微结构上的表现，提示了其对晶状体有保护作用或抗损伤效应。3、药物作用于晶状体钠泵具有重整异构特异性，提示了开发出特异的具有重整异构作用的药物是极有临床应用前景的。4晶状体钠泵抑制后可能导致白内障的发生，故临床用药，尤其是心内科医生在使用这些钠泵抑制剂时应注意调整用药剂量及药物疗程。5 通过抑制晶状体钠泵来制作白内障动物模型能否成为一种经典的制作方法，还有待于进一步研究。

The sex organs appear about 5 weeks after sowing. The antheridia consist of 3 cells. The archegonial neck usually consists of 4 rows and 4 columns of cells at maturity.

播种5周左右开始有性器官出现，精子器由3细胞组成，成熟颈卵器颈部由4列细胞组成， 4层细胞高。

The mice inoculated with Coxiella burnetii intrana- sally developed interstitial pneumonia,while the primary pathological changes of mice inoculated intraperitoneally are granulomas in spleen and liver.2.The pathological changes became more severe followed the dosage increasing.3.Coxiella burnetii can be detected in spleen and liver at day 2 after inoculation.the lesion became more and more serious from day 2 to day 12.The characteristic changes were observed at day 7,and recovered at day 14. 4.The reticuloendothelial system are main target of Coxiella burnetii.The pathogen was detected in cytoplasm of monocyte -macrophages of spleen, liver, lung, and endothelioid cells of blood vessel. 5. Coxiella burnetii can be found in macrophages lysosomes by electron microscopy. Most of them are round or rod, and polymorphic shape can also be observed in different size.

结果：1、通过不同感染途径的实验证实，滴鼻感染的小鼠主要表现为间质性肺炎，而腹腔注射感染小鼠则以脾脏、肝脏肉芽肿为主要病变。2、通过不同剂量的感染实验发现，随着感染Q热立克次体剂量的加大，动物病变愈加严重。3、通过感染后不同时间的动态病理学观察发现，在腹腔注射后第2d的脾和肝脏即可发现病原体，主要脏器的病理变化从第2d到第12d逐渐加重，第7d动物的病变最典型，至感染后14d动物的受损器官已开始出现修复性变化。4、 Q热立克次体主要侵害机体的网状内皮系统，在感染小鼠的肝、脾、肺和外周血管单核巨噬细胞以及血管内皮细胞胞浆中查见病原体。5、透射电镜观察可见Q热立克次体主要位于巨噬细胞吞噬溶酶体内，呈多形性，多见圆形和杆状，大小不一。

The homeotic gene not only plays a role in the tegulation of cell ar- rangement in plant s organ, but also is the base of the floral meristem identity, inflores- cence meristem identity and floral organ identity.

植物由营养状态转入生殖状态是发育过程中的重要一步，其转变过程受遗传固子及环境的双重控制，光周期与温度是影响开花诱导的主要环境固子，而植物的同源异型基因参与植物器官内细胞排列方式形成的调拉过程，是拉制花分生组织特异性、花序分生组织特异性和花器官特异性的基础。

This study intended to investigate the difference between breast tissues from juvenile macromastia patients and non-tumor invaded breast tissue taken from breast cancer patients, by analyzing mammary epithelial cell size.

器官的尺寸与细胞的尺寸及生长有关，因此本研究旨在量测青春期巨乳症病患乳房组织上皮细胞的尺寸，以厘清巨乳症成因与乳房上皮细胞尺寸的关系。

A cDNA segment was isolated from M. meretrix larvae. The results of caspase in situ detection in larval developmental stages revealed that there were activated caspase from L1 to L3, indicating caspase is involved in the whole developmental process. The main apoptosis area was found in velum at L3 before metamorphosis, indicating the degradation of velum might be the process of apoptosis. The larvae before metamorphosis were treated by caspase specific inhibitor to analyze the role of caspase in this process. The results indicated that caspase have function metamorphosis.

根据caspase在不同物种中的保守区域设计简并引物，在文蛤幼虫中扩增到cDNA序列片段；检测有活性的caspase在文蛤幼虫各发育时期的分布部位，发现其在L1至L3期幼虫中都有分布，说明整个幼虫形态变化过程中都有caspase的参与；细胞凋亡检测结果显示，幼虫主要发生细胞凋亡的部位在L3期幼虫的面盘，即变态过程中要退化的器官，说明细胞凋亡可能是文蛤幼虫变态过程中面盘退化的主要机制；用caspase特异性抑制剂处理变态前幼虫，发现幼虫变态率下降，初步验证了caspase在文蛤幼虫变态过程中的作用。

The patho-factor of pulmonary fibrosis is very complex. With the development of cytobiology and molecular biology there are much proof shows PF is a disease induced by multiple factor, multiple organ and multiple cell; and happens between cells and mesenchyma in multiple path.

肺纤维化(pulmonary fibrosis，PF)形成的病理因素十分复杂，近几年细胞生物学和分子生物学的发展为PF的形成机制提供了大量依据，证明PF是一个多因素、多器官、多细胞、多种因子之间以及细胞与间质成分之间形成的一个多层次，多步骤，多通路的疾病。

Objective Traditional MIRD method for dose assessment in nuclear medicine assumes that radionuclide is homogeneously distributed in organs, and the dose to cells and cell nucleus is presented by mean dose to the organ.

目的核医学中传统的MIRD剂量估算方法是假设放射性药物在器官内均匀分布，用器官的平均剂量描述每个细胞及细胞核的剂量。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。