立宪

It speedily became evident that these Bolshevik socialists were men of a very different quality from the rhetorical constitutionalists and revolutionaries of the Kerensky phase.

事实很快表明，这些布尔什维克社会主义者的品质截然不同于那些善于辞令的立宪主义者或者克伦斯基时期的革命者。

The State Council for Political Consultation was the main point of late Qings constitutionalism and the special alliance between the feudal ruling class and the bourgeois constitutionalists on perparatory constitutionalism, and it was a method that bourgeois democracy and legality was used in China.

资政院是清末宪政的重要内容和环节，是封建统治集团和资产阶级立宪派围绕&预备立宪&组成的特殊联盟，是资产阶级民主和法制运作形式在中国的实践。

Stimulated by the Japanese-Russinn War of 1904, pushed and supported by the constitutionalists and subordinates, srambling for powers with the central Government , the governor-generls and governors embraced some new political ideas made memorials to the Court in succession appealing for constituti...

日俄战争的刺激，立宪派和幕僚的推动，自身思想意识的转变，以及向清廷争夺权力的需要，使督抚们纷纷奏请立宪。作为清廷统治的主要支柱，他们的吁请，对清廷决定采行宪政起了十分重要的作用。

The constitutional movement means to reconstruct the existing power system, so the constitutionalists were fundamentally contrary to the existing power, so as the press founded by the constitutionalists, this situation led the constitutionalists to ultimate ruptured with the imperial Qing government.

由于立宪运动的关键在于改变权力的形成与分配机制，因此这一运动基本上与权力处于对立面，立宪派的报刊也就与权力对立。

But the result was that most proposals obtained no effect. The reason was that the models between Qing Government and constitutionalists were different; the former imitated Japanese monarchy but had held back a lot, and the later yearned for the constitutional monarchy in Britain.

但是从资政院议决案的法律效果看，绝大多数议案，议而不能决，决而不能行，究其因是清政府与资产阶级立宪派立宪模式的不同：前者仿模日本式的二元君主制，并做了许多保留；后者向往英国式的虚君议会制。

Analysts too readily reach for simplistic explanations of city versus countryside, peasants versus an urban elite, and republicans versus monarchists.

分析师过于迫切地寻找简单化的解释，比如城乡冲突、农民与城市精英群体的冲突、以及拥护共和者和拥护民主立宪者的冲突。

Presentation at the XIIIth Nordic Political Scienc e Association C onference in Aalborg

通常瑞士的「委员制」也被认为是主要的立宪政府类型之一，但本文认为其在比较政治上缺

I'm strongly against the death penalty — it's an eye for an eye.

我不赞成死刑——这是以牙还牙的报复行为。

And to get you the support you need, we're enlisting all elements of our national power: our diplomacy and development, our economic might and our moral suasion, so that you and the rest of our military do not bear the burden of our security alone.

并给你们所须的支援，我们正徵召国家所有各种的力量：我们的外交及发展，我们的经济力量与道德劝说，所以你们与其他军人不须要孤独地负起国家安全的责任。