涵养

The ecologicalcharacteristics of community structure, species diversity, its ecological effects on soil health,and eco-system functions of soil water holding capacities, water and soil conservation effectswere studied symmatically in Nverzhai watershed , which was the key experiment anddemonstration spot of the Yangtze River Proctction Fores.

针对长江中下游低山丘陵区土地退化现状和我国现阶段生态工程建设需求，以湘西北武陵山区女儿寨小流域为研究对象，研究了7种典型植被恢复模式的群落结构、生物量分配格局、物种多样性、土壤健康效应等生态学特征及水土保持、水源涵养等生态系统服务功能，具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。

When you try to find a job,it is time to show your personal gits, your own personality, your language skill, pc knowledge and so on.

当你去找工作，展现的是你自己的文化涵养，个人修养，知识，外语，计算机等内容。

Critical natural processes are analyzed systematically at the national scale, including headwater conservation, soil erosion prevention, storm water management and flood control, desertification combating and biodiversity conservation.

国土尺 度生态安全格局通过对江河源区水源涵养、洪水调蓄、沙漠化防治、水土保持和生物多样性保护5个维护生态安全最关键的自然过程进行系统分析评价而划定。

Severe freshwater resource in Beijing seriously restricts peoples life, development of economy and Olympic Games of 2008 year. In order to protect water quality and achieve persistent use of Miyun Reservoir, we should exert ourselves to govern dot polluting resources, cut down side polluting resourcesand interior polluting resources, regulate economic structure of vally, achieve to good cycle of ecological system.

北京市紧缺的淡水资源在严重制约着人民生活、经济发展和2008年奥运会的举办，为保护水质，涵养水源，实现密云水库有限水资源的可持续利用，应当政府重视、社会各界、京内京外共同努力治理点污染源，控制、削减面污染源和内污染源，调整流域经济结构，扩大生态农业，逐步实现流域生态系统的良性循环。

The water conservation benefit of soil for different forests was 277.28%-173.67% higher than that of grass slope, among them, the highest one was birch and larch mixed forest, the followings were larch planted forest, Chinese pine planted forest, birch natural forest, and the lowest one was natural shrub forest.

林地土壤的涵养水源效益比荒草坡高277.28%~173.67%，其中白桦落叶松混交林最高，落叶松人工林、油松人工林、白桦天然林次之，灌木林最低。

The school leavers go to travel or work for a one-year period instead of going directly to the university.

对于一个人来说，你认为是华丽的外表更重要还是内心更有涵养重要？

The university spirit, which is the embodiment of the loftiest ideals of the time, has been fostered in the subjective practice of higher education.

大学精神是一种立足于大学教育的主体性实践，张扬并涵养着时代精神的高层次的精神理念与境界。

General layout: General idea should focus on protecting urban water sources, restoring riverways, wetlands and groundwater, improving the water body function, strengthening water resources allocation and water function regions management. Based on existing water project structures, the generallayout follows as that urban water sources conservation on the upriver, wetland and groundwater restoration on mid-river and coastal wetland and estuarine eco-area restoration on the downriver, achieve the target that rivers and lakes 'connection, green bank, clean water, flowing river', then form aquaticecosystem protection and guarantee system.

以保护城市水源地为重点，以修复河道湿地、地下水和改善水体功能为核心，以强化水资源配置和水功能区管理为关键，基于现有的水利工程体系，在流域上游建立以城市饮用水水源地为主体的生态保护屏障，在流域中游建设以湖泊为点、河道为线、地下水为面的水生态修复系统，在流域下游构建以滨海湿地和入海河口为中心的生态恢复区，遏制水土流失，增强水源涵养，保护水功能区，实现河、湖&连通、绿岸、清水、流水&，进而形成防控结合的水生态环境保护与修复保障体系。

For each strategy, a corresponding exploitation plan of groundwater was designed. Then each designed exploitation plan (except scheme 3) was put into the model for calculation and simulation. The analysis on the forecasting results every plan indicates that:(1) Shuting down the self-provided wells is the most direct and effective method, playing an important role in the land subsidence prevention.(2) The resumption of compressed soil by groundwater artificial recharge is limited. So the artificial recharge can\'t provide essential effect for the resumption of land subsidence, unless the artificial recharge is much more than the groundwater withdrawal.(3) The method of "adjusting the exploitation stratum of groundwater to the shallow" has an obvious effect on the land subsidence prevention.(4)"Sand wells" can increase the leakage recharge for confined aquifer, and thus can slow and prevent the development of the land subsidence.(5) For the groundwater exploitation in Xi\'an, emergency self-provided wells should be managed according to the well spacing of 1600m, 2000m and 1600m, respectively, in the river terrace area, alluvial-proluvial fan area and loess tableland area to exploit the first confined groundwater. Corresponding individual well yield can be set as 2500m~3/d, 1500 m~3/d and 200 m~3/d. Make emergency self-provided wells pump in the dry year and stop pumping groundwater to restore and conserve underground water sources in average years and wet years. In this way, groundwater withdrawal of 162000m~3/d can be obtained to provide for the supplement of water supply in Xi\'an. As a result, the water supply stress can be released in dry years. The groundwater depression formed in the exploiting year can resume in 3-4 years. At the same time, this exploitation manner will not lead to obvious land subsidence.

本文利用所建的模型预测了现状开采条件下未来20年的地下水位和地面沉降的变化，在此基础上，提出了防治西安市地面沉降的五个地下水开采方案，利用所建的地面沉降模型对各个设计方案其进行了模拟和预报，对预测结果的分析表明：①封停自备井是防治地面沉降最为直接和最有效的对策，对防治地面沉降起着最为积极的作用；②采用人工回灌方法使被压缩的土层得到的恢复是非常有限的，对地面沉降不能起到根治作用，只有回灌量明显大于开采量时才能有一定的效果；③&调整开采层次，在浅层取水&对防治地面沉降的效果十分明显；④布设&砂井&可以增加对承压含水层的越流补给量，从而可以有效地缓解和控制地面沉降的发生和发展；⑤对西安市的地下水开采，可在河流阶地区、冲洪积扇区和黄土塬区分别采用1600m、2000m、1600m的井间距布置应急自备井，分别采用2500m~3/d、1500 m~3/d和200 m~3/d的单井开采量，开采第一承压水，在平水年或者丰水年不开采，涵养地下水源，在枯水年启动这些应急自备井开采，在输出分析范围内共可获得162000 m~3/d(5913万m~3/a)开采量，可以有效地补充西安市的供水水源，缓解供水紧张局面，开采年开采导致的下降的水位可在停采3～4年后得到基本恢复，同时，这种开采方式不会造成大的地面沉降量。

Cunninghamia Lanceolata showed that,after Cunninghamia Lanceolata sprout forest had been changed into Schima superba and Cunninghamia Lanceolata mixing forest,tree growth had largely been increased,and the water holding and conserving ability had been upgrated,as well as,the microclimate within forest had been improved,the forest land productivity had been protected.

木荷与杉木萌芽林混交试验，结果表明：杉木萌芽林改造为木荷杉木混交林后，林木生长量大幅度提高，林木和林地持水、保水能力增强，林内小气候得到改善，林分水源涵养能力进一步提高，林地生产力得到维护，为今后杉木多代萌芽林和杉木低产林改造提供科学依据。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。