气管

Methods 190 patients were randomly divided into two groups:the trial group with1%dicaine（2ml）and dexamethasone（5mg）for local laryngeal anesthesia before tracheal intubation,the control group as usual methods.To observe the laryngeal edema using fibrolaryngoscope and record the rates of hoarseness,laryngalˉgia after24hours extract tube.

将190例病人随机分为试验组和对照组，试验组在气管插管前后用1%地卡因2ml加地塞米松5mg对声门区及声门下进行表面喷雾麻醉，然后气管插管，对照组常规气管插管对照，术后24h随访，用纤维喉镜检查咽喉红肿情况并记录声音嘶哑和喉痛发生率。

In moderate to severe disease, conventional radiography may reveal tracheal scalloping and nodular irregularity or irregular asymmetric stenosis (Fig 10a). Thickened tracheal cartilage with irregular calcification is seen with CT (Fig 10b). Multiple nodules, with or without calcification, may project into the airway lumen.

中到重度的病变，常规X光片可显示气管扇贝状、结节状不规整或不规则、不对称狭窄，CT可见气管软骨增厚并不规则钙化，并有或无钙化的多发结节可以突入气道，气管支气管骨化症的结节不侵犯气管后壁。

ResultsIn group C and D hyperplasia of epithelium cell and infiltrations of inflammative cell in day 14 that were severe than that of day 7,ciliate cell was piece loss,the glands were hyperplasia（≥40% of group C,≤20% of group D）in windpipe,and pulmonary alveolus were congestion and dropsy.In group C the epidermis were pucked and connective tissue was hyperplasia in the skin,the quantity of hair ball and the sweat glands of group C and D in the food were significantly reduced than that of group A.

结果第14天时，C组、D组气管上皮鳞状化生，C组气管纤毛多呈片状缺损，而D组多呈灶状缺损；两组气管黏膜炎性细胞浸润均较第7天为重，伴气管浆液腺上皮黏液腺化生（D组≥40%、C组≤20%）、肺泡淤血、水肿。C组皮肤表皮呈不规则皱缩、毛球数明显减少；C组、D组足垫部皮肤表皮增厚、汗腺减少伴结缔组织增生。

Results For patients who had trouble in preoperative intubation, the success rate was 100% using fiberoptic bronchoscopy.（2）The success rate of taking out the heterobjectives under induction of paediatric and adult bronchoscopy was 100%.（3）Postoperative and burned patients who went through sputum suction and alveolus lavement with fiberoptic bronchoscopy healed quicker.（4）The application of fiberoptic bronchoscopy had saved dyspnea patients＇ life through sputum suction and alveolus lavement.

结果 （1）对于外科手术前插管困难者，利用气管镜进行插管成功率为100％；（2）利用小儿气管镜及成人气管镜进行气管内异物取出成功率为100％；（3）在外科手术后病人及烧伤病人吸痰、肺泡灌洗对病人的愈合缩短了时间；（4）对呼吸困难的病人吸痰、肺泡灌洗解决呼吸道通畅，挽救了病人的生命。

Malacia trachea must reach effective suspension no matter in what levels , directions and ways , and tracheotomy must .

采用不同平面不同方向及不同方式的气管悬吊术都必须使软化的气管达到有效的悬吊，若气管悬吊无效时即行气管切开手术。

By the examination of MRI, histopathology, and the caculation of survival rate and percentage of patency, the viability of graft status of autograft tracheas wrapped in one-side sternomastiod muscule flap and two-side sternohyoid muscle flap based on different pedicle, effects of neck muscle associated with bFGF on length of autografts, and limit of warm ischemia time on tracheal allograft before cryopreservation were evaluated in rabbits.

中文题名气管移植的实验研究副题名外文题名 Experiment research of tracheal transplatation 论文作者张锋导师周刚教授学科专业外科学研究领域\研究方向学位级别博士学位授予单位中国协和医科大学学位授予日期2002 论文页码总数89页关键词气管移植馆藏号BSLW /2003 /R655 /7 肿瘤、先天性疾病、炎症或其他原因引起的气管狭窄，切除病变气管行气管端端吻合术是最理想的方法。

Endotracheal bacterial contamination may be caused by unprotective classical endotracheal intubation and could be reduced by protective endotracheal intubation.

传统气管插管操作方法可以引起气管内细菌污染，而保护性气管插管操作方法可能较有效地减少气管内细菌污染。

Methods Ninety elective patients undergoing general anesthesia for hysterectomy were randomly assigned to two equal groups. GroupⅡreceived endotracheal intubation protected by sterilized transparent sleeve while groupⅠcorrespondingly adopted unprotective classical endotracheal intubation. Endotracheal swab sampling and bacterial counting were performed on the principle of aseptic processing before endotracheal intubation and extubation, respectively.

90例在全身麻醉下行择期全子宫切除术的患者随机分为两组，每组45例，Ⅰ组采用传统的气管插管操作方法，Ⅱ组采用无菌透明隔离套保护的气管插管操作方法，在气管插管前和拔管前分别按照无菌操作原则实施气管内试子取样，进行菌落计数。

Methods insert the stomach tube nasal cavity, with the help of intubating ferceps, take the stomach tube out of mouth cavity from the posterior wall of dysphagia, insert trachea catheter (cid 7.0~7.5) to esophagus, under the help of trachea catheter, insert the stomach tube to esophagus then take the trachea catheter out of the esophagus and vertical, cutting off, in the course of into esophagus.

经鼻腔插入胃管，用插管钳将胃管从咽后壁前取出口腔外，用id 7.0～7.5的气管导管插入食管，在气管导管诱导下将胃管经气管导管插入食管，然后将胃管向食管内送进，同时将气管导管退出，将胃管置入相当合适的深度后，固定胃管。

Surgical tracheostomyis usually performed in the operating room (72%) by a surgeon(61%), whereas percutaneous dilatational tracheostomies areusually performed at the patient's bedside in the ICU (98%)by an intensivist (93%). Tracheostomized patients were followedup routinely in 26% of the ICUs, and in 45% of the ICUs therewere guidelines regarding the indication, the timing and thetechnique of tracheostomy.

通常由一位外科医生(61%)在手术室内(72%)完成外科气管切开术，而经皮扩张气管切开术则是由一位重症护理医生(93%)在 ICU (98%)患者的床边完成的。26%的 ICU 常规随访气管切开的病人，45%的 ICU 有关於气管切开的指征、时机及技术操作的指南。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。