损伤

Third, the stress-strain and damage parameters on multiaxial fatigue damage critical planes were analyzed. A new multiaxial fatigue damage parameter was presented. This parameter can not only describe multiaxial proportional and nonproportional loading, but also uniaxial loading.

第三，对多轴疲劳损伤临界面上的应力应变及损伤参量进行了分析，在此基础上提出了一种新的多轴疲劳损伤控制参量，该参量不仅能够描述多轴比例与非比例加载下的疲劳损伤，而且可以退化成单轴的形式。

With the frequency and mode shape being regarded as functions of damage parameters, the overdetermined algebraic equations with damage parameters as unknowns can then be constructed by differentiating frequency and mode function on the basis of structure mode finite element formula, the damage parameters of which are obtained via Taylor expansion.

本方法从结构模态有限元算式出发，把频率和振型看作损伤参数的函数，经过泰勒展开获得频率、振型对损伤参数的一阶偏导数，然后构造以损伤参数为未知量的超定线代方程组，求解得到全部损伤参数值。

With the frequency and mode shape being regarded as functions of damage parameters, the overdetermined algebraic equations with damage parameters as unknowns can then be constructed by differentiating frequency and mode function on the basis of structure mode finite element formula, the damage parameters of which are obtained via Taylor expansion. The whole damage parameters can be found via solving the algebraic equations.

本方法从结构模态有限元算式出发，把频率和振型看作损伤参数的函数，经过泰勒展开获得频率、振型对损伤参数的一阶偏导数，然后构造以损伤参数为未知量的超定线代方程组，求解得到全部损伤参数值。

The rectum anal tube damages the wound response to create, the flushing, the repair, the drainage; The merge abdominal cavity internal organs damage is indefinite when may implement the peritoneoscopy; Below the peritoneum returns folds should as far as possible an issue of repair; Damages serious, has the serious merge damagecolon to make the mouth technique.

直肠肛管损伤应尽早清创、冲洗、修复、引流；合并腹腔脏器损伤不确定时可以实行腹腔镜检查；腹膜返折以下应尽可能一期修复；损伤严重者，有严重合并损伤者应行结肠造口术。

The human cartilages are composed of chondrocyte and extracellular matrix,the form of chondrocytes are hypertrophy and the quantity are less;the ECM of cartilage are compised of type II collagen and proteoglycan. Articular cartilages are all hyaline with little fibers. Trauma and arthritis are the main cause of cartilage injury,the ommilayer injury ofcartilage can be recovered by marrow,but because of without stimulation mechanism,the new tissues are merely fibrocartilages,they can not be coincide with hyaline cartilage in menchanics;the purely damage of articular cartilage can not stimulate chondrocyte to regenerate because of without blood circulation,thus,the plerosis of articular catilage can not depend on the proliferation of local chondrocyte.Ever since,people tried their best to find a way to reconstruct articular cartilage.

造成人体关节软骨损伤的原因主要为创伤和关节炎，关节软骨全层损伤可由于骨髓中间充质干细胞的高速增殖修复，但这种修复由于缺乏相应的刺激机制，只能形成纤维软骨，而不能形成符合关节生理、力学要求的透明软骨；单纯软骨部分损伤软骨组织内无血管，软骨细胞迁移迟缓，无法使损伤区域软骨细胞再生，因此，关节炎及关节创伤后的软骨修复不能依赖于软骨细胞的增殖和迁移。

The human cartilages are composed of chondrocyte and extracellular matrix , the form of chondrocytes are hypertrophy and the quantity are less; the ECM of cartilage are compised of type Ⅱ collagen and proteoglycan. Articular cartilages are all hyaline with little fibers. Trauma and arthritis are the main cause of cartilage injury, the ommilayer injury ofcartilage can be recovered by marrow, but because of without stimulation mechanism, the new tissues are merely fibrocartilages, they can not be coincide with hyaline cartilage in menchanics; the purely damage of articular cartilage can not stimulate chondrocyte to regenerate because of without blood circulation, thus, the plerosis of articular catilage can not depend on the proliferation of local chondrocyte.

造成人体关节软骨损伤的原因主要为创伤和关节炎，关节软骨全层损伤可由于骨髓中间充质干细胞的高速增殖修复，但这种修复由于缺乏相应的刺激机制，只能形成纤维软骨，而不能形成符合关节生理、力学要求的透明软骨；单纯软骨部分损伤软骨组织内无血管，软骨细胞迁移迟缓，无法使损伤区域软骨细胞再生，因此，关节炎及关节创伤后的软骨修复不能依赖于软骨细胞的增殖和迁移。

The human cartilages are composed of chondrocyte and extracellular matrix , the form of chondrocytes are hypertrophy and the quantity are less; the ECM of cartilage are compised of type Ⅱ collagen and proteoglycan. Articular cartilages are all hyaline with little fibers. Trauma and arthritis are the main cause of cartilage injury, the ommilayer injury ofcartilage can be recovered by marrow, but because of without stimulation mechanism, the new tissues are merely fibrocartilages, they can not be coincide with hyaline cartilage in menchanics; the purely damage of articular cartilage can not stimulate chondrocyte to regenerate because of without blood circulation, thus, the plerosis of articular catilage can not depend on the proliferation of local chondrocyte. Ever since, people tried their best to find a way to reconstruct articular cartilage.

中文题名人骨髓基质干细胞成软骨诱导及多孔复合材料作为细胞载体的体外实验研究副题名外文题名 Cartilage induction of human mesenchymal stem cells and experiment on compound porous materials as cells' scaffold in vitro 论文作者刘晓岚导师周江南学科专业外科学研究领域\研究方向学位级别博士学位授予单位中南大学学位授予日期2003 论文页码总数68页关键词骨组织工程软骨细胞骨髓基质干细胞壳聚糖高分子外消旋聚乳酸馆藏号BSLW /2003 /R68 /10 造成人体关节软骨损伤的原因主要为创伤和关节炎，关节软骨全层损伤可由于骨髓中间充质干细胞的高速增殖修复，但这种修复由于缺乏相应的刺激机制，只能形成纤维软骨，而不能形成符合关节生理、力学要求的透明软骨；单纯软骨部分损伤软骨组织内无血管，软骨细胞迁移迟缓，无法使损伤区域软骨细胞再生，因此，关节炎及关节创伤后的软骨修复不能依赖于软骨细胞的增殖和迁移。

Study on human and rabbit blood pressure, heart rate, myocardial enzyme, ESR and pathology index after ultrashort wave radiating pointed out that ultrashort wave of nothermogenesis and microthermogenesis dose had no injury on myocardial cells of human and rabbits, warmthermogenesis dose also had same effect to human, but not to rabbits. Ultrashort wave of thermogenesis dose radiating precordium for long time could seriously damage myocardial cells of human and rabbits, even bring out malignant arrhythmia and cardiac arrest.

超短波照射对新西兰白兔和人体血压、心率、心肌酶、血沉、病理组织学等指标影响的研究，说明无热量和微热量的超短波对兔和人体的心肌细胞无损伤作用；温热量超短波对兔心肌细胞有损伤作用，但对人体心肌细胞无损伤作用；长时间的热量超短波照射对心肌细胞有显著的损伤作用，甚至能导致严重的心律失常或心跳骤停。

Objective To use an ischemical reperfusion injury rat model by pulsinelli-4-VO andobserve the changes of the expression of Glu, N-methy-D-asparagic acidreceptor subunits NR_1 and NR_(2B) and ability of learning and memory after procerebrum ischemic reperfusion injury, and approach the pathogenesy of learning andmemory disorder induced by ischemic reperfusion injury, and the intervention ofginsenoside Rg_2 on the learning and memory disorder after procerebrumischemic reperfusion injury.

目的利用pulsinelli四血管法体建立脑缺血／再灌注损伤模型，观察前脑缺血损伤后谷氨酸、N-甲基-D-天门冬氨酸受体亚单位NR_1、NR_(2B)表达的变化及学习记忆的改变，从兴奋性氨基酸的兴奋毒作用尤其是其受体的表达方面探讨脑缺血／再灌注损伤引起的学习记忆功能障碍的发生机制，并观察人参皂苷Rg_2对脑缺血缺氧损伤引起的学习记忆障碍的干预机制。

In PN group, the light microscopic findings included inflammation cells infiltration and hepatic steatosis, and electron microscopy showed vacuole change in cytosol and rarefactive microvillus in micro-bile duct. Conclusion PN-associated liver dysfunction was related with hepatocyte oxidative injury and apoptosis.

PN肝脏损伤机制可能是PN某些配方成分应用中，脂质过氧化导致肝细胞氧化损伤，同时损伤线粒体膜，促使线粒体膜通透性增加，释放细胞色素C等凋亡相关因子，激发caspase-3等级联反应，产生肝细胞凋亡，导致肝损伤。

Since historical times,England ,where the early inhabitants were Celts, has been conquered three times .

从有历史以来，英国，在此地早期居住的是凯尔特人，已经被征服了三次。

Bluetooth OBEX File Transfer Enables the sending and receiving of files on your phone via Bluetooth.

蓝牙OBEX文件移动允许经过蓝牙传送和接受文件。。。。