城市

Reform time in what economy grows quickly especially, the rate that the city is built and grows is very rapid, to town planning the job raises a lot of new questions, the urban communication problem that the issue of urban industry position that reform of the urban dimensions issue that involves like the rapid growth of hobo, state-owend enterprise and bourg industry development bring, auto industry develops and a variety of vehicle place produce, ask town planning branch must study new contradiction, new issue.

特别是在经济快速发展的改革年代，城市建设和发展的速度很快，给城市规划工作提出许多新的问题，如流动人口的快速增长所涉及的城市规模问题、国企改革和村镇工业发展带来的城市工业布局问题、汽车工业发展和多种交通工具所产生的城市交通问题等，都要求城市规划部门必须研究新矛盾、新问题。

The suitable layout under some certain conditions of highway and city is recommended in accordance with the impact of highway on bourgeon of city ; quoting the theory of spider network construction , the dissertation demonstrated the optimized number of city entrance and exit fit for the formation and scale of city ; the obtained conclusions are confirmed by three related samples of eastern city

第一部分从出入口道路与城市形态相关性入手，论述出入口道路与城市发展关系；通过公路对城市发展影响的分析，提出公路与城市合理的连接形式及适宜条件；利用蛛网结构理论，得出适合大城市规模和形态的最优出入口数量；以东部三个大城市为实例，论证上述相关问题。

At the same time, the thesis explains the inherence of urban community and city by absorbing the practical experiences of western developed countries, discusses the positive meaning of theory of architecture programming to the development of urban community. Some advices were raised in the ways of urban design; community planning and house design, then the result was gained as the main performance of the thesis. The expectation of the thesis is that the result of the study can provide some ideas and methods contributing to the development of urban community.

同时论文从国外城市居住社区的开发建设经验对我国的启示，分析阐述了居住社区作为城市建设的基本单元及其与城市的内在联系，从综合的角度探讨了建筑策划理论对于城市居住社区开发建设的积极意义，初步从城市设计、社区规划以及住宅设计和管理等方面提出一些原则和对策，以此作为本论文的最终成果，并期望能对城市居住社区的开发建设提供一些思路和方法。

Urban lake landscape is one of the most active areas of the city. Human activity and natural process both impact on the urban lake landscape. Urban lake contains abundant landscape resource and social civilization. Since 1990, reconstruction and renewal of urban lake landscape has been the highlight of city construction with the development of social economy. But many improper designs destroy the natural environment of urban lake, dissever urban historical context, and bring new problems to social economy. This paper emphasizes studying on how to inherit and follow historic context and civil environment by reconstructing and renewing urban lake landscape, combined with current era features to meet the needs of urban sustainable development.

城市湖泊景区是城市中最具有活力的地区之一，是人类活动与自然过程共同作用最为强烈的地带之一，城市湖泊蕴涵着丰富的景观资源，凝聚着丰厚的地域人文精神。1990年以来，随着社会经济的发展，城市湖泊景观建设成为城市建设热点，但很多不当的设计不但给城市湖泊的自然生态环境造成很大破坏，割裂地域历史文脉，而且带来了新的社会经济问题。

The functional space of the underground urban complex has been making a great emphasis on the intensive construction and sustainable development of the city.

当城市的集约化发展达到一定的高度时，原有的城市空间将难以容纳迅速增加的城市人口和城市功能，从而引发多种城市矛盾。这就必须通过城市再开发加以缓解。

End of the century, the British city of Jurists than Holl in the "urban civilization", a book, choose the western civilization in 2500 in 21 cities, detailed assessment of their development origins, culture and urban construction characteristics, he pointed out that the history of the development in the city has a very rare "golden age of cities" and this kind of golden age of only 15 to 20 years.

20世纪末，英国城市学家比霍尔在"城市文明"，一本书，选择在2500年西方文明中的21个城市，详细评估其发展的起源，文化和城市建设的特点，他指出，发展史上的城市有一个非常罕见的"黄金时代城市"和这样的黄金时期只有15至20年。

A city is made up of homogeneous or heterogeneous space. Different urban space and its evolvement reflect urban culture patterns in different phases of city, then different urban cultural pursue refigure urban space's patterns.

城市是由一系列同质或异质的空间所组成的，不同的城市空间及其演变反映了城市不同阶段的城市文化形态，而不同的城市文化追求又反过来重塑着城市空间形态。

For pro-moting the creation of harmonious architecture and intensi-fying the construction of harmonious city at the root, it is important to catch hold of three identities of continuity, organizability and integrality of urban culture, to retain the cultural foundation of urban memory by conservation of his-toric culture heritage in earnest, to enhance the coordina-tion between the new and the old, to emphasize urban con-text on the main theme of individual characters and to hand down regional architectural culture gene.

构建和谐城市应当成为构建和谐社会的一项重要任务。这是一个崭新的课题。和谐城市构建要研究的和谐范畴内容涉及诸多方面，就其城市本质特征来说，要构建和谐城市对当今中国城市建设现实而言，最基本最核心最需迫切反思面对的问题就是新与旧的和谐问题。弄清楚这个问题不仅对于探索具中国特色城市现代化建

The authors talked about civic space structure evolution on four cities of Dalian, Shenyang, Changchun and Harbin, at city field scope and outspend, and also made a contrast between them from angles such as central city, city-region space echo and so on.

作者从中心城市的联系、城市与区域空间互动、区域产业协调发展等角度出发，运用区域经济学、城市地理学、经济地理学、城市与区域规划等相关学科理论，对大连、沈阳、长春和哈尔滨四城市在市域范围及更大尺度上的城市空间结构演进进行了比较研究。主要内容如下

This dissertation summarized the supervisal to admininstrative action and the system of urban planning, analysed the actuality and shortage of supervisal to administrative action in administrant sysem of urban planning, and studied the overseas experience of supervisal to administrative action of urban planning. Based on these works, the dissertation brought four advices about how to consummate the mechanism of supervisal to administrative action of urban planning: The first is consummate the public participance system, protect the exertion of public rights about participateon advicee and superviseial, intensify the public supervisal and advance supervisal of urban planning. The second is consummate the democratic decision-making system, intensify the supervisal of the course of urban planning"s decision-making. The third is constitute the regulation of surveillant, intensify the administrative level"s supervisal of urban planning. The fourth is onstitute the regulation of went behind responsibility, intensify the ex post facto supervisal of urban planning.

本文通过对我国行政法制监督和城市规划体系进行概述，对城市规划行政法制监督机制建设的现状、不足进行分析，研究国外行政法制监督制度情况和可借鉴的经验做法，围绕完善城市规划的行政法制监督机制，提出从四个方面对规划监督法规体系加以完善：一是完善城市规划公示制度，保证公众对规划的参与权、建议权和监督权，做好规划管理的事前监督；二是完善城市规划决策机制，加强对规划决策过程中的监督；三是完善上级政府对下级政府规划规划管理的层级监督机制，通过派驻规划督察员加强规划管理事前、事中监督；四是建立城市规划违法违纪行政责任追究制度，通过严格的问责，加强事后监督。

Methods: Five patients with parkinsonism or dystonia were assigned to general anesthesia using an modified endotracheal tube.

本实验依照人体实验之相关规定进行，五位患有帕金森氏症或肌张力异常的病人接受神经立体定位手术。

If you can benefit from this book, it is our honour.

如果您能从本书获益，这将是我们的荣幸。