关节

Material and MethodsRA Rabbit Model group: 15 early RA rabbits of the same weight and variety Control group:10 normal rabbits of the same weight and varietyMethods of making RA rabbit model:elect 15 normal rabbits of the same weight and variety, dissolve Ovalbumin in 0.9% sodium chloride solution, to make the solution of 20mg/ml concengtration, blend the same quantity of complete Freund′s Adjuvant equably ,inject the mixed solution into endermic tissue of the rabbit′s scapular section, making the rabbits allergic, inject 1 ml of the mixed solution to one rabbit every time, inject 1 ml of the mixed solution in 5 different places of the rabbit′s scapular section, inject the rabbit one time every week,inject 3 weeks continuously,it turned out to be that the rabbits will be allergic, inject Ovalbumin blent with the 0.9% sodium chloride solution into the knee joint cavity of the rabbits in the fourth week, 5 mg Ovalbumin every knee joint cavity,two knees of every rabbit of the 15 rabbits are both injected,the arthrosis diameter and the exterior temperature of the knees will be added obviously in 24 hours,and they will drop gradually,at the time of the 14th or 21th day, the arthrosis diameter and the exterior temperature of the knees will get to the balance time,the incidence rate of RA is 100%.after the RA model succeeds,it is the early time of RA from the first week to the fourth week,after the fourth week,it is the late time of RA, the cartilage of the femoral condyle and the subchondral bone cortices will be changed unrecoverily.

资料与方法RA模型组：早期RA家兔模型15只，品种及体重接近。对照组：正常家兔10只，品种及体重接近。RA家兔模型制作方法：选取15只成年家兔，体重、品种接近，将卵蛋白溶解于生理盐水，配成浓度为20mg/ml的溶液，与等量完全弗氏佐剂混匀，注入家兔肩胛区皮下致敏，每只家兔每次注射1ml，于肩胛区5个不同区域注射，每周一次，连续注射3周而致敏，第4周向膝关节腔注射卵蛋白生理盐水溶液，每只关节腔注射5mg卵蛋白，15只家兔膝关节全部注射，24h内此关节直径和表面温度大幅度上升，以后缓慢下降，至14～21d达到平台期，发病率达100%。造模成功后第1～4周为早期改变，第4周以后出现不可逆的关节软骨及骨破坏。采用高频超声对RA模型组与对照组的膝关节髌上囊液体厚度、滑膜及股骨髁软骨厚度及软骨下骨皮质的回声情况进行对比观察。结果RA组模型组膝关节髌上囊积液及滑膜的厚度明显厚于对照组，其股骨髁软骨的厚度与对照组相比无明显差异，其软骨下骨皮质与对照组相比无明显改变。

Promoting blood circulation affect extremity, improving skin temperature and degree of engorge,lessening and relieving syncretio and contraction of soft tissue surrounding joint, thereby retore joint range of motion;this was possible mechanism of action of RuanJianQuJiang Powder on jointstiffness

促进患肢血液循环，改善局部皮肤温度、肿胀度、减轻或消除关节周围软组织的粘连挛缩，从而使关节的活动度逐渐恢复正常，可能是"软坚祛僵散"治疗关节僵直的作用机理。

The distance from medial sulcus to the distal joint line is 25.7 mm, the distance from lateral epicondyle to the distal joint line is 24.6 mm. The distance from medial sulcus to the posterior joint line is 29.1 mm, the distance from lateral epicondyle to the posterior joint line is 23.6 mm.

各参考点到关节面的距离也与西方人不同，股骨内髁凹穴、外上髁到远端关节面的距离分别是25.7 mm、24.6 mm ；股骨内髁凹穴、外上髁到后侧关节面的距离分别是29.1 mm、 23.6 mm。

The experimental results are analyzed using the virtual linear viscous theory and the constitutive equation is established for the fibrocartilage.

通过对新鲜腕关节软骨板共计60个试件进行不同应变水平下的"应力松弛试验"和等应变速度下的"拉伸试验"，了解腕关节软骨板在承受一维拉伸破坏试验时的力学性质，并用拟线性粘弹性理论对试验结果进行分析，建立了腕关节软骨板的本构方程。

PTA and FTD at all degrees and FTD at the 18 and 24 degrees of flection can be used to investigate the position of the patellofemoral joint effectively in kinematic MR and we suggest using the PTA, FTD and FTA at the 20 degree of flection in axial plane to study the patellofemoral joint in the future clinic.

动态MRI下的PTA及PTD可以很好的定量评价髌股关节的对合关系，FTD在18及24下也可以用来定量评价髌股关节的对合关系，建议在膝关节屈曲20左右进行MR检查测量PTA、FTD、FTA来定量评价髌股关节。

At this point, it is possible to verify with a fluoroscope that the tendon graft placed in tension reduces the subluxation and keeps the trapeziometacarpal joint space open.

这点可用关节镜通过观察张力作用下移植物减少此关节半脱位现象和扩大关节间隙来证实。

We have obseroed and measured the mandibular fosse, head of mandible, articular disc and articular capsule of temporomandibular joint on209 adult specimen, The anatomical basis of movement and click in temporomandibular joint was discussed.

本文在209具成年标本上对颞下颌关节的下颌窝、下颌头、节盘及关节囊进行了观测；对颞下颌关节的运动及弹响机制进行了讨论。

The incision healed well, without serve immunological rejection. Four cases had hematocele of the articular cavity, which were regressed after puncturing of the articular cavity and packing with compression.

术后切口愈合良好，无明显免疫排斥反应发生，4例出现关节腔积血，术后1周行关节腔穿刺抽液、加压包扎，出院时关节腔肿胀基本消退。

Xia Zhigu including the hip (by the ilium, the buttock, ischium a), the femur, patella, tibia and fibula, seven tarsal bone (talus, calcaneus, scaphoid, the first, second and third wedge of bone, bone dice), Metatarsal 5 and toe bones, they were composed of hip, knee and ankle joints, plantar tarsal joints, metatarsophalangeal joint and toe joints.

下肢骨包括髋骨（由髂骨、耻骨、坐骨构成）、股骨、髌、胫骨、腓骨、跗骨七块（距骨、跟骨、舟骨、第一、二、三楔骨、骰骨）、跖骨五块和趾骨，它们分别组成髋关节、膝关节、踝关节、跗跖关节、跖趾关节和趾关节。

But if I want to…""Natasha, I am serious…" Natasha did not let her finish; she drew the countess's large hand to her, and kissed it on the upper side, and then on the palm, then turned it over again and began kissing it on the knuckle of the top joint of the finger, then on the space between the knuckles, then on a knuckle again, whispering:"January, February, March, April, May.""

如果我愿意……""娜塔莎，我要一本正经地说……"娜塔莎不让伯爵夫人说完，就把她的一只大手拉到自己身边来，吻吻她的手背，然后吻吻掌心，又把手翻过来，开始吻她的手指的上关节，然后吻关节之间的地方，然后又吻上关节，同时轻言细语地说："一月，二月，三月，四月，五月。""

The reasons of iron ions content overproof in grade Ⅱ desalting water system,such as variation water quality,contamination of regenerant , operation adjustment of pretreatment system and switching operation of bed were discussed.

对二级脱盐水系统中铁离子含量超标的原因，如来水水质发生波动、再生剂受到污染、预处理系统操作调整、床体运行切换等进行了论述。

You were hired to drum up new business, so go and do it.

公司雇你招徕新业务，你就做你的事好了。