公路

In the explore in water seepage mechanism of highway engineering, at the foundation of author's and other people's research, the author study the groundwater seepage and infiltration of rain and water with the groundwater dynamics, the rock mechanics ,the soil mechanics, the hydrologic geology, the engineering geology, the agrology.

公路工程水渗流机制的研究还很少，现有的相关研究主要是建立在地表水的疏排、饱和渗流的简单计算、及直观观察经验基础上的防排水设计和施工，没有或很少有根据地下水贮存、渗流与公路工程建设的相互影响，雨水入渗在公路工程结构中渗流规律的研究。

In the explore in water seepage mechanism of highway engineering, at the foundation of author's and other people's research, the author study the groundwater seepage and infiltration of rain and water with the groundwater dynamics, the rock mechanics ,the soil mechanics, the hydrologic geology, the engineering geology, the agrology. With the research result of the water seepage mechanism of highway, the author also study the principle design of waterproof, drainage and water environmental protection. The author's work is as follows:(1) The water circulation, the groundwater type and conversion, the equilibrium and circulation in soil water are introduced and studied; The seepage characteristics of rock and soil in response to stress are analyzed and studied.

作为在"公路工程地质环境中水渗流机制问题研究"中的探索研究，在本人科研和前人研究工作的基础上，以地下水动力学、岩土力学、水文地质学、工程地质学、土壤学为基础，研究公路工程建设对地下水渗流和雨水入渗的影响，以及公路防排水和水环境保护设计的原则方法，具体开展了如下研究工作：(1)首先对水循环、地下水类型及转化、土壤水平衡与循环进行了研究和介绍；分析研究了应力对岩土体渗流特性产生影响的机理。

One, exceed those who be restricted to carry attaint highway to review ground of be practical and realistic to say to overload, overload exceeds restricted transport to be defeated is serious to the attaint of highway, but not be highway however the only reason of inchoate attaint.

一、对超载超限运输损坏公路的反思实事求是地说，超载超限运输对公路的损坏是严重的，但却不是公路早期损坏的唯一原因。

It is essential to study collapsibility and influential factors of loess, evaluate correctly collapsible gr

为了提高公路建设质量，减轻或消除因黄土湿陷而造成的公路病害，以便指导关中地区公路的设计和施工，很有必要对黄土湿陷的特性和影响因素进行研究，准确评价黄土的湿陷等级，找出合适的防治对策。

2Should it be found necessary for the Contractor to move one or more loads of Constructional Plant, machinery or pre-constructed units or parts of units of work over part of a highway or bridge, the moving whereof is likely to damage any highway or bridge unless special protection or strengthening is carried out, then the Contractor shall before moving the load on to such highway or bridge give notice to the Engineer or Engineer's Representative of the weight and other particulars of the load to be moved and his proposals for protecting or strengthening the said highway or bridge.

30.2 如承包人必需经部分公路或桥梁一次或多次运送建筑设备、机械或工程预制件或预制部件，如不采取特殊保护和加固措施，此种运送很可能损坏公路或桥梁，承包人运送货物通过此公路或桥梁前必须通知工程师或工程师代表，告之运送货物的重量及其他具体情况，以及其拟对上述公路或桥梁采取的保护和加固措施。

Express highway connects all cities and counties with over 1000- kilometer traffic mileages. Ningxia ranks forefront in terms of road density and road access.

已建成10多条国道、省道干线和100多条县乡公路，高速公路连接各市、县通车里程达1000多公里，所有市、县公路，可在1小时内上高速，公路密度、高级次高级路面、公路通达率位居西部省区前列。

And scale, height and covering area of Budongquan migrating pingos further increased in 2006. Budongquan migrating pingos not only piered and etched the highway, but also destructed the culvert, depressed ground surface, bended oil-pipeline and formed ground fracture zones.

不冻泉移动冰丘不仅穿刺青藏公路路基，破坏青藏公路桥涵结构，蚕食青藏公路路堤，影响青藏公路的交通安全；而且导致输油管道拱曲变形，诱发地面塌陷和地裂缝，产生显著的灾害效应。

The development target, development software, function, main characteristi-cs and work flow of diagnosis system for health condition of highway tunnel areintroduced, and the development process of highway tunnel disease database isdetailed introduced. Finally, through the application of the system to a case, thevalidity of diagnosis method for health condition of highway tunnel and thepracticability of diagnosis system for health condition of highway tunnel are verified.

6介绍了公路隧道健康状态诊断系统的开发目标、开发环境、功能、主要特点和工作流程，详细介绍了公路隧道病害数据库的实现过程，最后用实例介绍了系统的应用，验证了公路隧道健康状态诊断方法的有效性和公路隧道健康状态诊断系统的实用性。

With reference to the international universal System of National Account, to calculate the highway freight final production in terms of added value, this paper presents an accounting approach of highway freight added value, based on the added value coefficient according to tonnage.

本文借鉴国际通用的国民帐户体系，采用公路货物运输增加值对公路货物运输最终成果进行计量。研究公路货物运输业增加值的核算方法，计算出按照吨位的增加值系数，然后根据增加值系数计算出公路货物运输增加值。

Based on the field investigation in Aug 2001 and Aug 2002, digital China Vegetation Map in 2001 and Qinghai-Xizang Plateau Vegetation Regionalization Map in 1996, vegetation characteristic along two sides of Qinghai-Xizang highway and railway is studied in this article Meanwhile, the impacts of Qinghai-Xizang highway and railway constructions on the ecosystems are analyzed using ARCVIEW、ARC/INFO and PATCH ANALYSIS It was found that:(1) Qinghai-Xizang highway and railway span 9 altitudes,12 longitudes and 6 natural regions (East Qinghai and Qilian mountain steppe region, Chaidamu mountain desert region, South Qinghai alpine meadow steppe region, Qiangtang alpine steppe region, Guoluonaqu alpine scrub meadow region and South Xizang mountain shrub steppe region);(2) the constructions of Qinghai-Xizang highway and railway destroyed natural vegetation and landscape, especially in 50m-wide buffer regions along both sides of the roads, it was estimated that the Primary Productivity deceased by about 30504.62t/a and the gross biomass deceased by 432919.25～

：根据2001-08和2002-08月野外调查数据及2001年1∶100万中国植被图、1996年1∶400万青藏高原植被区划图和2000年青藏铁路沿线自然保护区分布及功能区界调整图，以青藏公路铁路沿线植被生态系统为研究对象，运用ARCVIEW和ARC/INFO软件研究青藏公路铁路建设对沿线生态系统结构的影响，结论如下：①青藏公路铁路南北跨越9个纬度，东西跨越12个经度，共穿越青东祁连山地草原地带、柴达木山地荒漠地带、青南高寒草甸草原地带、羌塘高寒草原地带、果洛那曲高寒灌丛草甸地带和藏南山地灌丛草原地带6个自然区，对植被类型的统计结果显示了地带性。②青藏公路铁路的建设对生态系统产生直接的切割，使景观更加破碎。

If you are unfortunate enough to the lovelorn, please tell me, I will help you out, really, please contact me!

如果你不幸失恋了，请告诉我，我会帮助你摆脱困境，真的，请联系我啦！

China's plan to cut energy intensity by 20 percent and pollutant discharges by 10 percent between 2006 and 2010 is a case in point.

中国计划在2006年到2010间降低20%的能源强度和减少10%的主要污染物排放，就是一个这样的例子。