信念

But as it is easy to foresee that from different causes and from different quarters much pains will be taken, many artifices employed, to weaken in your minds the conviction of this truth, as this is the point in your political fortress against which the batteries of internal and external enemies will be most constantly and actively (though often covertly and insidiously) directed, it is of infinite moment that you should properly estimate the immense value of your national union to your collective and individual happiness; that you should cherish a cordial, habitual, and immovable attachment to it; accustoming yourselves to think and speak of it as of the palladium of your political safety and prosperity; watching for its preservation with jealous anxiety; discountenancing whatever may suggest even a suspicion that it can in any event be abandoned, and indignantly frowning upon the first dawning of every attempt to alienate any portion of our country from the rest or to enfeeble the sacred ties which now link together the various parts.

然而，不难预见，会有某些力量试图削弱你们心里对这个真理的信念，这些力量起因不一，来源各异，但均煞费苦心，千方百计地産生作用。其所以如此，是因爲统一是你们政治堡垒中的一个攻击重点，内外敌人的炮火，会不断加紧(虽然常是隐蔽地和阴险地)攻击。因此，当前最重要的是你们应当正确估量民族团结对于你们集体和个人幸福的巨大价值。对于它你们应当怀有诚挚的、一贯的和坚定不移的忠诚；你们在思想上和言谈中应习惯于把它当作政治安定和繁荣的保护神，你们要小心翼翼地维护它。如果有人提到这种信念在某种情况下可以拋弃，即使那只是猜想，也不应当表示支持，如果有人企图使我国的一部分脱离其余部分，或想削弱现在联系各部份的神圣纽带，只要他们一提出来，你们就应当予以怒斥。

The important point for our purposes is that we can perhaps see why an epistemologist might hold that, while it is possible for someone to adopt a disengaged position when attributing to herself an individual belief, it is not possible for her to do so when attributing to herself (or considering for skeptical consideration) most or all of her beliefs.

对我们的目的来说重点是我们能够明白为什么认识论学者可以持有：对某人归给自己一个individual信念时使用a disengaged position是可能的，而当她归给自己大多数或所有信念时这样做是不可能的。

Or, another way to make the same point, an epistemologist who does endorse such a conception of introspection will not be bothered by the potential result that raising the skeptical threat ultimately questions whether the skeptic's subject has the beliefs the skeptic has attributed to her. This result would be uncomfortable only for the skeptic who begins by assuming that we know the contents of our beliefs.19

或，另一条路也能够得到这个，一个认识论者（——认可这样一个内省概念）不会被这个潜在结果（——提出怀疑论威胁，最终质疑是否'怀疑论者的主体拥有怀疑论者归给她的信念'）所困扰，这个结果仅对这样的怀疑论者（——通过预设我们知道我们信念的内容作为开始的怀疑论者）来说是不合意的。

In Esme's case, she had complete faith—negative faith.

在艾思慕的案例中，她过去一直有这样的一种信念，一种消极的信念。

I mean in so-called 'externalist' theories of mental content.

有两个，一个是固定的、确定的indispensable于是invulnerable的信念，一个是整体上invulnerable的信念，还有中间的立场，即精神内容的"外在论"。

And equally clearly, Davidson's radically externalist conception of content, according to which the objects of a belief are the causes of that belief, does not Davidson 2001, p.

同样显然的，Davidson的内容的radically上外在论概念（——按之一个信念的对象就是信念的原因）并不拥有Davidson 2001， p。

Recent 'externalist' theorists of content, to their credit, do not on the whole seek that will-o'-the-wisp known as absolute simplicity.

这个担心促使过去的哲学家试图寻找一些明显简单的信念，其内容不被其他信念所组成……。

It is the most formidable kind of faith the kind that is emotionally fused with national pride.

这是一种最难以动摇的信念，一种感情上融入了民族骄傲的信念。

We meet in this game This is still infatuated with a network Let me be your friends one by one to leave the game To the pursuit of real-life time Then there is a fishes persist in the conviction Let me come to the so-called final Finally, we have a full class to We also become a game of a husband and wife Together to chat together to fight together to see the scenery Appear together in front of friends I have told you several times whether I would like to leave the game But do not know what I come back time and again the Now, I once again decided to leave the game I do not know how long this can leave I do not dare In fact, said to leave the game say that the discussion was not as good as you After the full level because I slowly began to weary of the game Do you have is a day I insist on the belief line Recently, I go to bed every night before you would like to But not like before, like the game's equipment But in reality you imagine how a person What kind of character, and so there We will occasionally illusion of reality can come together The game took a quarter of my college life time Reform is the time to leave As in real life too cruel I felt pressure brought about by the reality Whether in life or learning I really like this now become a regular university, said the University graduate unemployment is equivalent to That is not what I want I am not worried that I can not find a job after graduation Not because of the need to Go on like this I do not even know that after I graduated I can do what I do Looking for a job on it is an impossible dream of Do you still remember I remember a long time ago I asked you I ask you to do what - the sun - the stars - the moon I have become a game where you have the sun I hope I can become your reality stars I would also like to leave after you I hope you will be able to chat with me in the past I hope we can do Haojuhaosan The way the election is himself Life must continue

我们在这场比赛中相遇这是与网路仍痴心让我成为你的朋友们一个接一个，去游戏现实生活时间的追求然后有一个鱼类坚持信念让我谈谈所谓的决赛。最后，我们必须以一个完整的类我们也变成了一个游戏的丈夫与妻子一起，一起聊天，争取一起看风景前面的朋友在一起显示我已经告诉你几次是否我想离开游戏但不知道什麼我回来一次又一次，现在，我又一次决定离开游戏我也不知道多久这可以离开我不敢其实，说要离开讨论不是与你的一样好的游戏说后全部级别因为我慢慢开始厌倦游戏你是我坚持的信念行的一天最近，我去睡觉每天晚上之前您想要但不是象以前，像游戏装置但在现实中你就可以想像如何一人什麼样的字元，并因此有我们偶尔会现实的幻想可以走在一起这场比赛拿了我的大学生活时间的四分之一改革是离开的时候在太残酷的现实生活中的作为我觉得压力带来的现实无论是在生活或学习我真的这样现在成为一个说的正规大学，大学毕业生失业等於这是不是我想要的我不忧虑我不能毕业后找到一份工作不因为的需要这样下去我甚至不知道，我毕业后我可以做我做些什麼找一份工作就是一个不可能的梦想的你还记得吗我记得很久以前我就问你我问你做了什麼--星星-太阳月亮我已经变成一场游戏，在有阳光的地方我希望我可以成为你的现实星星我亦想在此之后你离开我希望您将能够在过去与我聊天我希望我们可以做 Haojuhaosan 选举方式是自己必须继续生活

On this traditional model, then, self-deceivers apparently must (1) hold contradictory beliefs, and (2) intentionally get themselves to hold a belief they know or believe truly to be false.

那么按照这种传统模式，自我欺骗者显然必须(1)持有相互矛盾的信念，以及(2)有意使自己去相信一条他们真正知道或相信是虚假的信念。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。