传染性的

Although none of Darwin's children had obvious documented physical or mental deformities, the three who died appear to have suffered from infectious disease, which is more likely to be contracted in those with higher levels of inbreeding, Berra and his colleagues noted.

Berra和他的同事们提出，虽然达尔文的孩子中没有任何明显记录在案的身体或心理上的畸形，那三个死去的孩子却是由于传染性疾病死亡的，而高度近亲繁殖的后代更容易染上这样的病。

The WHO statement goes into more detail. It says the virulence of the virus largely determines the number of severe illnesses and deaths, but many other factors influence the overall severity, including the contagiousness of the virus, the age distribution of cases, the prevalence of chronic health problems and malnutrition in a population, viral mutations, the number of waves of illness, and the quality of health services.

WHO在声明中进一步解释，病毒的毒性主要会决定重症和死亡病例的数量，但影响流感暴发严重程度的还有其他的因素，包括病毒的接触传染性、发病的年龄分布特点、是否更会在慢***和营养不良人群中流行、病毒的变异性、暴发期的次数和医疗服务的质量等。

The clinical presentation and preliminary examination of neuropathology of this patient were typical of vCJD.

这个病人的神经病理学的临床显示和初步的检查是典型的vCJD，虽然磁共鸣图象没显示在大部分的vCJD病例中会被看见的标准垫状隆起病征，但是最高的易感染性质不固定、薄弱的重新感染顺序是不被认可的，这个病人输的血不是完全没有白血球，但是研究者注意到在减少传染性中，完全没有白血球的的效率并不确定。

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy Advance Access publication 6 December 2005 OXE β-lactamases in Acinetobacter:the story so far Molecular Chemotherapy,Centre for Infectious Diseases,University of Edinburgh,The Chancellor's Buliding,49 Little France Crecent,Edinburgh,EH16 4SB,UK The emergence of carbaoenem resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii has become a global concern since these β-lactams are often the only effectine treatment lsft against many multiresistant strains.A recent debelopmenth has the discovery of a novel group of narrow-spectrum OXA β-lactamases in carbapenem-resistant strains,some of whitch have acquired the ability to hydrolyse the carbapenems.The first of these was found in a strain isolated in Edinburgh before imipenem was in usr in the hospital.Whether these carbapenemases have been acquired or are part of the genetic make-up of this species has yet to be determined.More importantly,however,they represent an important stage in the evolution of antibiotic resistance in Acinetobacter.This paper discusses the emergence of these unusual enzymes over the past decade.

抗菌化学疗法》杂志上 2005年12月6日提前存取出版在不OXEβ-lactamases：到目前为止分子化疗，中心为传染性疾病，爱丁堡大学，议长，49岁的法国Crecent少、爱丁堡、EH16 4SB，英国 carbaoenem电阻的出现在鲍曼不动杆菌已成为全球关注这些β-lactams通常是唯一effectine对抗许多multiresistant菌株治疗lsft…最近的一debelopmenth已发现的一种β-lactamases仅OXA集团在carbapenem-resistant株，其中一些已经取得了hydrolyse能力的carbapenems第一个被发现在一株孤立在爱丁堡的药物有亚胺培南在使用之前在医院这些carbapenemases是否已经或正在部分的基因构成该物种还有待确定然而更重要的是，他们代表着一种重要阶段的抗生素耐药性的演化出不本文探讨了产生这些不寻常的酶在过去的十年。

The aim of this research is to find out the experimental parameters that affecting the results when analyzing bacteria by MALDI TOF MS, and to set up a general sample preparation protocol for establishing mass database of Bacillus anthracis and Yersinia pestis. It will play an important role in rapid identification of bacteria, and tracing its origin in the scenario of bioterrorism and outbreak of infectious disease for microbial forensic analysis. Methods:As for the universalness of sample preparation protocol for bacterial analysis by MALDI TOF MS, bacteria being investigated included: gram-positive bacteria including B.

本研究通过对MALDI TOF MS分析细菌的方法进行系统的研究，阐明影响MALDI分析的重要实验因素的作用，并建立MALDI TOF MS分析细菌的标准实验方法，从而实现不同菌种和同一种内不同菌株的鉴定，为建立炭疽芽孢杆菌和鼠疫耶尔森氏菌的质量图谱数据库奠定基础，从而能够快速准确地检测和鉴定我国不同来源的炭疽芽孢杆菌和鼠疫耶尔森氏菌，在生物恐怖或传染性疾病爆发时，作为微生物法医学的一种重要技术，快速、准确地鉴定细菌，并追踪其来源。

Four field strains of infectious bronchitis viruswere isolated from chicken kidney, trachea and lung of the young layer flocks in some regions of Shaanxi province. Biological characterizations of the virus were investigated by virus pathogenicity to chicken embryo and healthy chickens, hemagglutination test, hemagglutination inhibition test, dwarfing embryonated chicken eggs, electron microscopy and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. It demonstrated that allantoic fluid of each passage virus could hemagglutinate chicken red blood cells by treatment with 1% trypsin. The standard positive serum to IBV could inhibited the hemagglutination. The isolates could make respiratory and kidney diseases in chickens.

采集陕西省宝鸡市、扶风县、兴平市和榆林市等地鸡场疑似传染性支气管炎发病鸡病料，通过9～11 日龄非免疫鸡胚进行了病毒的实验室分离和传代，并对分离毒株进行了病毒的血凝性、血凝抑制性、致病性、鸡胚矮小化、电镜特征等生物学特性鉴定，结果表明，4 株分离株经1%胰酶处理后的各代病毒尿囊液均可凝集鸡红细胞，标准阳性血清可特异性的抑制其凝集性，回归试验可复制出与自然发病相同的病例，病毒传代物有明显的致鸡胚矮小化作用，透射电镜下可见有近似球形、直径100 nm左右的冠状病毒粒子，将分离鉴定的4 株IBV 定名为BJ-04、FF-04、XP-03 和YL-04。

With this in mind, the researchers then reanalysed data from knowingly HIV-positive heterosexual subjects in Uganda and Zambia who had HIV-negative sexual partners. Those with a viral load of one million particles per millilitre were more than ten times more likely to accidentally infect their partners each year than those with a load of one thousand.But when the researchers calculated the transmission potential over the entire predicted asymptomatic period, those with viral loads between ten thousand and a hundred thousand copies per millilitre of blood were the most likely to infect their partners. HIV-positive subjects with viral counts of 50,000 infected roughly twice as many people as those with counts of one million.

伦敦帝国学院流行病学家Christophe Fraser和他的同事对收集于1982年到1993年之间的100多例HIV阳性的男性同性恋者的数据进行分析，并结合分析来自乌干达和赞比亚的已知有HIV阴性性伴侣的HIV阳性异性恋受调查者的资料，他们发现中度病毒负荷而无症状的HIV携带者更易播散HIV，这是因为中度病毒负荷的HIV携带者的无症状期较长，而那些高病毒负荷而无症状的HIV携带者虽然传染性稍强，但其传染的持续时间却很短，并且在未经治疗的HIV携带者个体中中度病毒负荷是最常见的人群。

Towards the brothers who commits sins, we should restore them gently, but at the same time, we need to watch ourselves in order not to be temped, coz the sins indeed have power to influent others.

本题有几个要点：罪的传染性，如何挽回犯罪的弟兄，如何对待不悔改的弟兄。认真看，保罗不只是简单的&赶出去&，是有后文，有保罗爱的动机的。

My opinion of her changed as she humanized AIDS patients at a time when they were still considered contagious pariahs, and then was further enhanced by her work publicizing the horrors of land mines.

我觉得她的变化，因为她的人性艾滋病病人的时候，他们仍然被视为贱民的传染性，然后进一步增强了她的工作，宣传寒心的地雷。

Methods: Five patients with parkinsonism or dystonia were assigned to general anesthesia using an modified endotracheal tube.

本实验依照人体实验之相关规定进行，五位患有帕金森氏症或肌张力异常的病人接受神经立体定位手术。

If you can benefit from this book, it is our honour.

如果您能从本书获益，这将是我们的荣幸。