与...矛盾着

This chapter tries to solve the following issues:as theconscious awareness of law-makers,the penalty-crimerelationship determines how to make law;as the form ofideas,the penalty-crime relationship regulates and guidesthe process of law-making and judicature;penalty andcrime as provided by law is nothing but the model for thepenalty-crime relationship presupposed and defined bylawmakers;the presupposition and definition of thepenalty-crime relationship is the value-based evaluativeactivity on the grounds of cognition;the change invalue-based criteria and the inherent contradiction of theobjective to beevaluated is the fundamental precondition for the definitionof the penalty-crime relationship;the change in classcontradiction is the basic cause for the change inevaluative criteria;the change in the objective to theevaluated reflects the demands and interests of the rulingclass to a certain extent,and lastly;as the evaluativeform of negating crime,penalty and its effectiveness dependheavily on the unity of compulsiveness and justice.

文章论述了刑罪关系作为立法者的自觉意识决定着刑事立法；刑罪关系作为观念的形式，规束并引导着立法和司法，法律中规定的犯罪与刑罚，是立法者设定的刑罪关系范式；刑罪关系的设定是以认识为基础的价值评价活动，价值标准的变动性和评价对象的内在矛盾性，是刑罪关系设立的根本前提，指出了阶级矛盾的变化是导致评价标准不确定的根本原因；评价对象的转移，在一定程度上反映出统治阶级利益的需要。刑罚作为对犯罪否定评价的方式，其有效性在于强制性与正义性的统一。

During the Central Plains Battles the Northernwestern Army led by Feng Yu -hsing is confronted with three sorts of conflicts :(1)conflicts among the Northernwestern Army,(2)conflicts between offensive and retreat,(3)the central authority and local authority (un - legitimism ).

冯玉祥的西北军在中原大战过程中面临着三种矛盾：西北军内部的矛盾、军事上进攻与退却的矛盾、中央与地方的矛盾。

All was unexpected. Likin, though, was temporary tax that the Qing Dynasty established for raising money to repress the taiping rebellion. It had been censured for seventy eight years. This showed that the existence of likin had its profound background of economy and society. Abolishing likin was to "change a little, then influence the whole", and it existed contradiction not only between China and other countries, but also between the center and the local authority. The problem of likin systems abolition was the problem about not only economy but also politics.

厘金虽然一开始是清王朝为筹措镇压太平天国运动军费而设立的临时税种，但其屡遭非议却长达78年的历史表明，厘金的存在有其深刻的经济与社会背景，"裁厘"可谓是"牵一发而动全身"，不仅存在着中国与各国列强之间的矛盾，而且存在着中央与地方政权之间的矛盾，厘金的裁撤问题，既是经济问题，又是政治问题。

Thespiritual contract between the university and the intellectuals implies that the universityspirit is commeasurable with the intellectuals spirit, and they are usually illustrated asfreedom, independence and criticism.

在宗教成为社会主导力量之后，神学信仰与自治是大学与宗教发生作用的集中表现；当政治成为社会的主要干预力量时，大学面临着如何统一国家本位与学术本位的矛盾；当经济是社会发展的重要筹码时，大学极端地膨胀了服务功能，充当着服务站的社会角色。大学的本性——学术性与教育性决定了自由、独立和批判精神是大学应&执守&的精神。

The actuality of combination of farming and graziery incarnates the differences of two production systems, agriculture and stock raising, in aspects of input and output, absorbing labour force and intensity acting on environment, which is result of confliction and balance of human and environment. Of course this balance did not consider the environmental cost and ecological risk, and land degradation is the problem of this selection.

科尔沁沙地农牧交错的现状体现着农、牧业两种生产系统的投入产出差异、对劳动力消纳能力以及对土地作用强度的多相矛盾，是人地矛盾协调与平衡的结果，是&人尽其责，地尽其用&追求最大效应的选择结果，当然这种选择是没有考虑环境成本与生态风险，而土地退化就是这种选择对生态环境影响的重要表现形式。

In the first part, the thesis mainly checks the concept of urban and rural dual structure, manages to give it a philosophic, definition and then lists various conducts of the contradiction. It also analyzes the subjective and objective reasons that cause the Chinese urban and rural contradiction, and dissect the contradiction抯 feature, history, current situation and influence. This part means to explain that China is a prototypic developing country with Chinese characteristic urban and rural dual structure co!~tradiction. The incisive contradiction exists mainly in seriously backward countryside. In the fields of economy, politics, culture etc, it badly affects and restrains our economy and society抯 sustained, rapid and coordinated development manifoldly and omnibearingly.

第一部分从考察城乡二元结构的概念开始，给予城乡二元结构以哲学定义，然后列举了我国城乡矛盾的种种表现，分析了我国城乡矛盾形成的主客观原因，进而剖析了我国城乡矛盾的特征、历史与现状及影响，旨在说明我国是典型的具有中国特色的城乡二元结构矛盾的发展中国家，城乡矛盾极其尖锐，主要表现为农村元严重落后，在经济、政治、文化等方面，多层次全方位地严重影响和制约着我国经济与社会的持续、快速、协调发展。

However, We have also found a lot of questions which we must treat, discuss and resolve seriously while we found the remarkable effect in the practice of the Villagers' self-government in Chinese countryside,such as no balance in the development of the Villagers' self-government, the contradiction between "the twofold role" of the village committee and the basic principle of the Villagers' self-government, the contradiction between villages and towns government organization and the Villagers' self-government, the contradicition between the branch of the Chinese Communist party and village committee,the question of democratic election, the contradiction between the charactor of parial villagers and the requirement promoting the Villagers' self-government and so on.

然人，中国农村村民自治在实践中取得显著成效的同时，我们也应该看到，村民自治在实践发展中产生了许多需要认真研究和急待解决的问题。如村民自治发展的不平衡性、村委会的&双重角色&与村民自治基本原则之间的矛盾、乡镇政权机关与村民自治的矛盾、村党支部与村委会的矛盾、民主选举中的问题、部分村民的素质与推进村民自治的要求存在着不相适应的矛盾等。

Smile coheres the purity and selflessness in deep heart; welcome the friendship and love; weaken the conflicts and unhappiness.

微笑，凝聚着内心的纯洁无私，召唤着友谊与情感的到来，消化着矛盾与不快。

The author of this paper holds the view that Dimmesdale, different from Hester, is a contradictory character with conflicting emotions and that the sharp conflicts intricately demonstrated between his conscience and reality, between reality and his ideal, and in turn, his ideal and conscience finally fall into an inextricable knot in which Dimmesdale wrestles, wriggles, and is strangled.

内心世界的矛盾在良心、现实与理想之间非常复杂地展开。三个方面的矛盾交织，纠缠，结成一个解不开的结，使丁梅斯德走向毁灭的边缘。他的灵魂在心灵的炼狱里经受着痛苦与折磨。他最终走向示众台，以死亡的方式使自己的灵魂得以净化。

Moreover, there also are some theories that some scholars research from the literary history angle, but are in whole range of Seventeen-Year Literature.

另外，从文学史角度研究的一些论断也有，但是在中国&十七年文学&整体研究范围内，因为缺乏具体的文本细读，做出的仅仅是笼统的关于作家在艺术与政治之间左右摇摆的结论，并且往往把作家摇摆的原因归于文艺政策与文学规范的约束，而没有在具体的作品中揭示与思考：作家个体性的生命体验与政治追求之间的矛盾是如何体现的以及这种矛盾在什么程度上获得了解决；解决方式蕴含着作家对此问题怎样的理解与认识，这些理解与认识是否构成了中国&十七年非主流文学&对主流话语的真正突围。

Methods: Five patients with parkinsonism or dystonia were assigned to general anesthesia using an modified endotracheal tube.

本实验依照人体实验之相关规定进行，五位患有帕金森氏症或肌张力异常的病人接受神经立体定位手术。

If you can benefit from this book, it is our honour.

如果您能从本书获益，这将是我们的荣幸。