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At first, the wind tunnel test and test data process of this study are introduced in detail. A method to calculate expected extreme values of time series with a long time interval is then proposed with its sub-sections based on the classical Gumbel theory for extreme values and the independence of observed extreme values. At last, the extreme values of the wind pressure coefficients of the present wind tunnel test are calculated with the proposed method and methods used widely at present, such as peak factor method, improved peak factor method and Sadek-Simiu method.

首先 介绍了风洞试验及试验数据处理的基本概况；然后在阐述经典Gumbel极值理论的基础上，根据观察极值的相互独立性推导了短时距下极值分布参数和长时距下极值分布参数的关系式，给出了一种由短时距样本推算长时距下的极值估算方法；最后基于风洞试验数据，将常用极值估算方法(峰值因子法、改进峰值因子法和Sadek-Simiu法)和该方法的计算结果进行了比较。

Using the relative reflection as weighting factor, the weighted mean of the surface albedo over Dunhuang Gobi in typical arid region is calculated and its values are 0.255 ± 0.021. After canceling the interference of the buildings, the mean values of the roughness length averaged with logarithm is 0.0019 ± 0.00071 m. After removing the influence of the oasis, the soil wetness factor computed with data under condition of no precipitation is 0.0045. After removing the influence of the precipitation .the mean values of the soil heat capacity over Dunhuang Gobi in typical ac-id region is 112 × 10 ~6 m~(-3)K~(-1), a bit smaller than the values observed i n HEIFE. But the soil heat diffusivity and conductivity are about one of those observed in HEIFE. The soil water content over Dunhuang Gobi in typical synoptic condition is very little and does not exceed 1% basically.

并且利用相对反射为权重加权平均，计算得到典型干旱区敦煌荒漠戈壁的平均反射率为0.255±0.021；剔除建筑物干扰后，利用对数平均法计算的粗糙度长度平均值为0，0019±0.00071 m；剔除绿洲影响后，用无降水影响的资料确定出土壤湿度影响因子为0.0045；剔除降水影响后，用观测资料计算的敦煌典型干旱区荒漠戈壁的热容量平均值为1.12×10~6m~（－3）K~（－1），比&黑河试验&在戈壁和在其它沙漠观测的有关值略小一些，但热扩散率和热传导率都比&黑河试验&在戈壁观测的值小一倍左右；观测的敦煌戈壁典型天气条件下的土壤含水量非常小，基本上不超过1％。

These amphibolite samples have very high initial eHf values of+15.2 to +23.3 and the eHf values are tightly correlated with eNd values.

这些斜长角闪岩有异常高的εHf比值(+15.2～+23.3)，且εHf比值与已发表的εNd比值表现出良好的正相关(r~2=0.81)。

With the help of the optimization theory, we present the vertex solution theorem for determining both the exact upper bounds or maximum values and the exact lower bounds or minimum values of the dynamic response of structures, in which these parameters reach their extreme values on the boundary of the interval mass, damping, stiffness matrices and the interval external loads vector.

借助于优化理论，提出了确定结构动力响应精确上下界的极点求解定理，其中极值将在区间质量矩阵、阻尼矩阵、刚度矩阵和外载荷列向量的顶点达到。

To reduce the sensitivity of conjugate initial values, the initial values of control variables are used to replace the initial values of conjugate variables based on the transformation between conjugation variables and control variables.

为了降低共轭变量初值选取的敏感性，引入共轭变量与控制变量之间的变换，用控制变量初值代替了共轭变量初值。

Corbicula fluminea (Müller 1774) was bred in the laboratory and two shell samples (shell height, A=13 mm, B=9 mm) were selected to determine the carbon isotopic composition of the increment shells (aragonite, CaCO3) and the host water. The results indicate that the carbon isotopic compositions of the two shells increased as the δ^13 C values of the host water increased from -5.24‰ to 1.41‰, showing the influence of δ^13C values on the shell carbon isotopes.δ^13C value ranges from -4.76% to -2.09% and δ^13 C from -8.49% to -2.89%. The δ^13 C values of shells A and B are both more negative than the predicted equilibrium ones, indicating that the shell had used the metabolic CO2 rich in 12C during their growth process.

对双壳类河蚬进行了室内养殖，并选取两个壳体样品（壳高，A=13 mm， B=9 mm），测定其生长部分壳体和生长期间水体碳同位素，研究表明，随着水体碳同位素的升高（δ^13C由－5.24‰升至1.41‰），两壳体碳同位素也随之升高，表明水体对壳体碳同位素的影响；δ^13CA分布范围为－4.76‰~-2.09‰，δ^13CB为－8.49‰~-2.89‰，壳体A和B碳同位素均比预测平衡值偏负，表明壳体在形成过程中利用了新陈代谢产生的富集12C的CO2。

By using correlation analysis, we are able to calculate the self correlation coefficient of the same characteristic value to achieve the association of current and previous one and the cross correlation coefficient of two different characteristic values, consequently achieve the data association between characteristic values. 3. On the characteristic level, we are trying to fuse the characteristic values from different data source and identify the exact type of the fault.

用同种类多个传感器进行测量，得到的数据以加权自适应估计方法将它们融合处理得出最佳值；对来自异类多个传感器的数据进行最小二乘估计处理将它们融合到一起，完成数据关联和从测量数据估计出它们所反映的特性；通过计算征兆数据的自相关系数能完成同一征兆当前值与过去值的关联，又可以通过计算两个征兆数据的互相关系数完成这两个征兆的关联。

Firstly, variables which were acquired for the above two kinds of classification system were obtained from field and laboratory investigation of the core samples as well as test of supersonic waves in drilling holes. Secondly, distribution functions and parameters of all variables are determined using statistic method. Thirdly, 20000 RMR values or BQ values and cumulative distribution function of these RMR or BQ values have been obtained utilizing Monte—Carlo method and the results are plotted. Finally, risk analysis can be made from above results.

风险评价方法步骤如下：（1）首先通过岩芯样品的现场观测和实验室试验及钻孔岩体超声波测试获得两种分类所需的变量；（2）通过统计分析和判断得出各变量的分布函数及参数；（3）运用Monte—Carlo模拟方法获得2万个RMR值或BQ值及相应的累积分布函数，并将结果绘成岩体质量描述图；（4）运用以上结果作出岩体质量风险分析。

The thermodynamic investigation of adsorptions shows that adsorption of CCTS to Pb~(2+),Cu~(2+),Cd~(2+),Ni~(2+) is spontaneous.Because the values of Gibbs free energy are negative and the calculated entropy values of interactions are positive.However the positive values of the variation in enthalpy show that besides chemisorption, other processes of decalescence, such as physical adsorption and swelling of CCTS were also involved.

CCTS对各重金属离子的吸附热力学分析结果表明：CCTS对各重金属离子吸附熵变△adsS为正值，并且吸附自由能改变量△adsG均为负值，说明CCTS对各重金属离子的吸附是自发进行的，但其吸附焓变△adsH为正值，说明CCTS对重金属离子的吸附不仅仅是化学吸附的过程，还伴随着其他如物理吸附、吸附剂溶胀等吸热过程。

Saturation should be measured in the very sealed fields.Some errors between the measured values and the original values would exist due to the degasification and volatilization of tested samples,which influences the effectiveness of saturation data.Therefore,it is important to correct the measured saturation values.

饱和度的测定是在井场密闭良好的情况下进行的，但由于在测量过程中饱和度样品存在脱气、挥发等损失，使得实际测量值与原始值之间存在较大偏差，这势必影响饱和度资料的应用效果，因而要对饱和度测量结果进行校正。

"The operators will suffer a temporary decrease in the number of consumers and short message services as people may not like having to provide their ID cards for a phone number," Xu Junqi, vice-dean with the Policy-Making Institute of the Telecommunications Research Centre under MII, said yesterday.

信息产业部下属的通信决策研究院副主任徐俊其昨天说：&实行手机实名制后，人们可能不太情愿用身份证注册手机号，所以通信运营商会暂时面临用户减少和短信用户减少的问题。&

I don't believe in make-believe!

我不相信这些虚构的故事。