查询词典 programmed learning

It is another important learning method which has clearer targets, because troubles or difficulties would urge people to self-question. From above, our learning and education should include the 3 ways of "inborn","through learning" and "learning in difficulty" according to Confucius, but not only "through leaning".

因为遇到困难和问题时，更能让人去反思，所以我们的学习和教育应该按孔子说的既有"生而知之"、"学而知之"，也有"困而知之"，而不能简单地理解成只是"学而知之"。

Under frame of general sum stochastic game theory multi-agent Q-learning method is addressed, we gave the learning function and specific learning algorithm of multi-agent Q-learning.

基于一般和随机对策理论框架下提出了多智能体Q-learning方法，给出了多智能体Q-learning的学习函数以及具体的学习算法。

The correlation between strategy use and learning achievements, the teachability of learning strategies and the present condition of strategy use of Chinese EFL learners impel Chinese scholars and teachers to realize the value of learning strategies in the learning process and the significance of strategy training.

近几年来，针对我国英语学习者的策略训练愈来愈受到关注和重视，由国家教育部颁布实施的《英语课程标准》和《大学英语课程教学要求》均明确指出发展学习者策略能力，促进学习者自主是英语教学的主要目标之一。

The call developmental process of Psittacula agapornis consists of five instinct phases according to its call character. In the first phase （congenital cal1 phase, CCP, 0~12 day of age）, the juveniles only produce single syllable with short syllable length. The second phase（blank-model-forming phase,BMFP, 13~30 day of age） is important for formation of vocal learning pathways. During this phase, the calls characterized by more and longer syllables. In the third phase （call-model-forming phase,CMFP, 31~45 day of age）, the call development is guided by a model system for vocal learning, vocal learning is engendered so that some calls with multi-syllables with UP1 are produced, principal frequency has increased about by 920 cent, the number of note is double that of second phase. The short-term memories are transformed into long-term memories in the forth phase （call-feedback-learning phase,CFLP, 46~90 day of age）. The call of juveniles is a close match to tutor call which accompanied by double various sounds with BS and UP1, and more resonance components were formed. Second principal frequency has increased about by 970 cent, the number of note increases by 2.6~3.0 times. During the fifth phase （excellent call phase,ECP, after 91 d）, vocal motor pathway is developed and the calls are accompanied with most stable, harmonious vari-tone and complex repertoire.

牡丹鹦鹉的鸣声发育分为5个时期。0~12 d为先天性鸣声期，鸣声特征为以基本音为主音的单音节单音调声，声长短。13~30 d为空白模板形成期，鸣声特征为以基本音为主音的多音节单音调声，声长和音量显著性增加，表明发声学习通路开始形成。31~45 d为鸣声模板形成期，鸣声特征为以第1陪音（UP1）为主音的多音节单变调声，声长和音量显著性增加，主音频提升约920音分，涵盖的律音数增加1倍，表明发声学习模板逐渐形成，发声学习开始。46~90 d为鸣声反馈学习期，鸣声特征为以BS和UP1为主音的双变调声，声长和音量显著性增加，主音频涵盖的律音数增加2.6~3.0倍，第2主音频提升约970音分，表明稳定模板逐渐形成，短期记忆逐渐向长期记忆转化。91 d后为完美鸣声期，鸣声特征为以UP1为主音的复合变音调声，声长、音量、主音频的提升和涵盖的律音数都趋于平稳，鸣声稳定而和谐，表明发声运动通路基本形成。

This work tries to apply the learning process of the cognition structure defined in Cognitive Psychology to enhance or modify the development of AI, of which the learning models are almost based on trial and error style. However, this kind of learning style is definably given to the experience behavior of stimulus and response in Psychology. Thus, the relative AI models based on such style are design as an experience-adaptation system. For better ones, e.g. evolution-base algorithms, they belonged to the system with more powerful computing power to the dynamical environment. Even so, it was considered not only outside environment but also internal parameter tuning. As for the entire learning process, it has never been enhanced. That is, various original AI models are easily to be developed to their own close-form problem.

本研究企图以认知心理学之认知结构来修正自1956年以来人工智慧之发展，由於人工智慧长期局限於试误学习之低效率学习模式，然而试误学习於传统心理学定义中仅限於刺激与反应之经验行为而已，由此学习模式所建构之任何机器学习，均只能认定为经验之适应模式而已，而较进阶的种类，如演化式计算模型，也只是其能透过电脑强大的运算能力来达成所谓的动态环境下之演化式学习模式，其中演化之特色只是多考虑了外在环境的变化或内在参数的调整，而整个学习流程却没有进ㄧ步修正。

The chifukang koufuye combined errorless learning and the errorless learning training are likely to be effective methods to improve memory capacity following cerebral stroke. Producing a better carry over treatment effect of a month. 2. The chifukang koufuye combined errorless learning group has a more effectiveness effection than errorless learning training, especially in improving the memory skills of encoding, storage of memory process etc.

痴复康口服液结合无错性学习的治疗方法比单纯无错性学习组训练效果更好，对图片、日常生活记忆能力，记忆过程中随机信息的编码和保存的影响，痴复康+无错性学习组疗效优于单存无错性学习组。

The focus of the dissertation lies at exploring the problems of how the meaning of knowledge get lost in traditional teaching and learning which is characterized by teacher telling and students listening and drilling, and how we can recover the meaning of knowledge in learning to overcome the estrangedness of learning and innovating learning in school setting.

全文探讨的核心问题是：在传统的以教师讲授、学生听讲、操练为主要活动的教学中，知识的意义是如何丧失的？

In this paper, we introduced the method and set of cat perceptual learning and research the character of orientation discrimination and contrast detection of cat, and we also research the effect of visual perceptual learning on the response of the Dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus neuron with the method of single-neuron in vivo recording techniques, by which to the ends of knowing the mechanism of neuron in the perceptual learning. Perceptual learning in orientation discrimination and contrast detection was first observed by psychophysics method in cat in the following two experiments.

本研究介绍猫的视觉学习实验装置和训练方法，观察了方位辨别和对比度检测两种知觉学习的特点，并结合在体细胞外单细胞记录技术研究了视知觉学习对外膝体神经元反应特性的影响，初步探讨猫视知觉学习的神经机制。1、运用心理物理学方法进行了两个知觉学习实验，分别观察了猫对正弦光栅方位辨别和对比度检测的知觉学习。

The learning formation has limitedly integrated the privileged learning subjects, limitative learning content and prescriptive learning methods.

学校学习以特定的学习主体、规定的学习内容和限定的学习方式实现着人与文化的自觉的&有限&整合。

Research on the related attribute of evidence, influence and method of dealing with is carried out. Result of experiment demonstrates that the method can lead to the reliable decision effectively. Aiming at conflicting problem of decision making, fusion strategy of BPA reassign is adopted in coordinator of GDSS. Aiming at contradictory of decision-making, the process of decision-making is divided into two stages that are learning and decision-making. Each Agent is trained by proper information given by training example to eliminate contradictories among decision-making Agents and correct mistakes that ensure Agents cooperate effectively in the stage of cooperating decision.(3) In order to overcome the flaw of current GDSS that can only support static problem solving, adopting the method that combing Multi-Decision-Making-Agents Reinforcement Learning and the metempirical knowledge learning, the paper puts forward Reinforcement Learning and optimization under dynamic environment.

提出采用证据理论的证据合成作为协调器中决策Agent的融合策略，对群体决策支持系统的协调器进行决策融合过程中可能出现的情况进行了详细的分析，研究了证据的相关性及其在决策融合过程中的影响，提出了相关证据的处理方法，实验结果表明，该方法可有效保证决策结果的可靠性；针对决策过程中的冲突问题，提出协调器采用基本信任指派二次分配的协调策略；针对决策过程中的矛盾，提出将决策过程分为学习和决策两个阶段，各决策者Agent根据有限的训练样本所给出的正确信息进行训练，消除决策者Agent之间的矛盾和修正决策者Agent自身的错误，从而保证合作决策阶段实现有效的合作决策。

A backer of an Afghan law that critics say legalizes marital rape has rejected the international outcry as foreign meddling.

饱受批评的一项法律的拥护者说合法化的婚内暴力不会受国际舆论的干涉。

Years ago, a ancient Egyptian fleet went to the Land of punt for seeking a kind of flavor named "myrrh", and aromatic plants which has dense exotic style for the queen Hatshepsut.

3500年前的一个古埃及的舰队到&彭特之地&寻找一种叫没药的香料。