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The characterization of modified surfaces were explored by contact angle measuring meter and atomic force microscopy,the tribological properties of samples in nanometer and millinewton scale were measured by friction force microscopy and CETR UMT-2 tribometer. The effects of ultraviolet radiation,sliding velocity and load on tribological properties of samples were analyzed.

在铝、钛金属薄膜和铝、镁、钛及钛合金上制备自组装分子膜，使用接触角测量仪、原子力显微镜对改性的表面进行表征，使用摩擦力显微镜和微摩擦磨损试验机对试样在纳米尺度和毫牛尺度下的摩擦学特性进行测试，分析了紫外照射、滑动速度、载荷对试样的摩擦学特性的影响。

Friction and wear behaviors of Ti6Al4V alloys against GCr15 steel under dry sliding were investigated on high-speed pin-on-disc tribometer. Contact temperatures due to friction heat were measured by a thermocouple inserted into the hole of the Ti6Al4V pins. Morphology, composition and phase structure of the surface and subsurface for Ti6Al4V were examined by means of scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy.

在高速销－盘式摩擦磨损试验机上考察了Ti6Al4V销与GCr15钢盘摩擦副的干滑动摩擦磨损行为，并在线测量了销试样的摩擦接触温度，利用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪及透射电子显微镜分别对Ti6Al4V摩擦表面和次表层的微观形貌、组织成分、相结构进行研究。

The microstructures of vanadium alloys before and after annealing were studied by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.

采用扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜分析钒合金在退火前后的微观组织结构。

High-speed electronics than the wavelength of visible light wave length (wave-particle duality), while the microscope resolution by its restrictions on the use of wavelength, so the resolution of electron microscopy (about 0.1 nm) is much higher than the resolution of optical microscopy (about 200 nm).

高速的电子的波长比可见光的波长短，而显微镜的分辨率受其使用的波长的限制，因此电子显微镜的分辨率（约0.1纳米）远高于光学显微镜的分辨率（约200纳米）。

Transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction pattern and UV-Vis spectrum were utilized to characterize the products.

利用透射电子显微镜，扫描电子显微镜，X射线衍射仪和紫外－可见分光光度计对产物进行表征。

The pollen of approximately 400 species was observed by optical microscopy. In the meantime, the pollen of Punicaceae and Aceraceae was studied by scaning electron microscopy.

在对研究区近400种植物的花粉进行光学显微镜观察研究的同时，还用电子显微镜对收集比较集中的石榴科及槭树科的花粉进行了系统的研究。

Titanium plate first was cleaned by glow Discharge using argon plasma to eliminate surface contaminants and to produce a consistent and reproducible titanium oxide surface layer. Then an intermediary allylamine deposition was covalently linked to the oxide layer by glow discharge, followed by the covalent binding of albumin to the free terminal NH2 groups using glutaraldehyde as a coupling agent. Surface morphologies were observed by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy.

样本以扫描式电子显微镜及原子力显微镜﹙AFM﹚观察表面形态变化，以能量分散光谱仪进行表面元素变化之定性分析，使用X光光电子能谱仪检测表面化学键结与元素变化作定性分析与半定量分析，并以胶样金免疫标示法配合使用场发射枪扫描式电子显微镜(Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope， FEG SEM)，观察钛金属表面白蛋白连接情形作定性分析与定量分析。

The morphology and microstructure characteristics of the apertured silver doped TiO2 microtubes were characterized by means of the X-ray powder diffraction, thermal analysis, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and N2 absorption.

氮吸附的结果显示该样品具有很高的比表面积，银的修饰没有显著影响二氧化钛微管的孔结构； XRD的表征结果显示，银修饰的二氧化钛多孔微管具有良好的锐钛矿晶型； XPS的分析结果表明银以游离的金属态存在； TEM的观测结果显示，银团簇沉积于二氧化钛纳米晶粒的表面。

Taking Newzealand rabbits as our study objects, we have build some osteoarthritis animal models by fixing the rabbits′ left posterior knee joint in stretching state plaster for 8 weeks. According to different ways of movement, the influence of movement upon the morphology of decayed arthrochondritis under light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were observed.

以新西兰白兔为研究对象，用伸膝位石膏固定8周的方法建立骨关节炎动物模型，按运动方式不同，随机分成5组，从光镜、扫描电镜两方面观察运动对退变关节软骨的组织形态学影响。

Canaliculi ; lacuna ; atomic force microscopy ; scanning electron microscopy ; morphology ; bone

骨小管；骨陷窝；原子力显微镜；扫描电镜；骨组织；形态学

Smoking cigarettes adds to the Computer Desk Computer manufacturer computer mouse Computer Computerized collar knitter machine Conduit Bodies construction board Container Bag Control Arm Cooking Thermometer general levels of air pollution as well as damaging our health.

吸烟不仅对健康有害，而且增加空气污染程度。香烟雾含有多种有害物质：不仅有致癌化学物质、有某种能阻止氧气进入血液的气体，还有引起血压增高、心速加快的被称为尼古丁的物质。

He is one of my favorite actors.

他是我最喜欢的男演员之一。