查询词典 literature

With the extension and popularity of internet a new literature style—internet literature made an afflux to the literary world, which not only breaks the structure in which literature printing on papers monopolize literary world, but also shows us that literature, after entering the digital era, will inevitably take a series of changes in its form and characteristics as well.

随着网络媒介的延伸和普及，一种崭新的文学样式——网络文学涌进文坛，这不仅打破了纸质印刷文学独占文坛的格局，也昭示着文学进入数字化时代以后，自身形态与特质不可避免地要发生一系列新的变化。

We said "the ultra literature" the research technique, is refers to the literature research, surmounting literature own category, take the literature and the related area of knowledge's infall as a breakthrough point, studies between some literature and the external cultural relations.

我们所说的"超文学"研究方法，是指在文学研究中，超越文学自身的范畴，以文学与相关知识领域的交叉处为切入点，来研究某种文学与外来文化之间的关系。

Nabokov is a writer of multiple identities——not only a talented latecomer in "the first wave" of Russian emigrant literature, but also a forerunner of American postmodernism literature; not only a novelist, but also a critic, a translator, and a poet writing in Russian and English; furthermore, apart from his distinguished contribution in literature, he is also an expert in lepidopterology——which make Nabokov's works particularly appealing to from three perspectives, that is, postmodernism, comparative literature and Russian emigration literature.

纳博科夫是一名多重身份的作家，他既是俄罗斯侨民文学第一次浪潮中的后起之秀，也是美国后现代主义文学的先驱；既是一名小说家，也是评论家、翻译家、诗人；既用俄语创作，也用英语创作；既在文学领域内纵横，又在鳞翅目昆虫学方面颇有建树。他的这些跨越性特征使他同时出现在后现代主义研究、比较文学研究以及俄罗斯侨民文学研究的视阈内。

Chen Du-xiu's literary thoughts mainly are as follows: initiating a new modern Chinese literature by breaking completely with traditional feudal literature; opening up a road for new literature by sweeping away the outdated conventions and corrupted customs in literatus and finishing all the decadent and conservative forces; persisting in the dominant position of vernacular Chinese in new literature, and at the same time he also points out that the struggles between the past and the present, old and new in literature revolution are a matter of principle which concerning the survival of our nation and advance of history.

陈独秀的文学主张主要是：坚决与传统的封建主义文学决裂，开创新的、中华民族的现代文学；扫荡文坛陈规陋习，冲荡一切腐朽保守势力，为新文学开拓道路；坚持白话在新文学中的主导地位；并指出文学革命中的古今之争、新旧之争乃是事关民族存亡、历史进退的原则问题。

Therefore, this article outlines three chapters, in which the first chapter discusses the prosperity of the Shanghai tabloids and tabloid literature and the causes; the second chapter discusses, from the discourse of the urban citizens'culture, the prosperity of the tabloid literature, the popular appeal of the tabloids and the urban citizens'cultural psychology of mammonism and plebeianism; the third chapter discusses, from the discourse of the elite culture, the relation between the tabloid literature and the elite literature, which mainly focuses on the tabloid literature's countermeasures and spontaneous choice in the discourse of elite culture.

因此，本文共分三章，第一章概述上海小报及小报文学的繁盛及其原因；第二章从市民文化语境的角度来探讨小报文学的繁荣、小报的大众化欲求以及由此产生的市民拜金与尚俗的文化心理；第三章则从精英文化语境的角度来探讨小报文学与精英文学的关系，主要分析论述小报文学在精英文化语境下的应对策略及自觉选择。

The social and economical words in the literature of Dunhuang and Turfan bear the following characteristics: Simultaneity, as most of those literature works has specific composing time, they are valuable "simultaneous materials"; Authenticity, those literature materials are carefully stored in caves or buried deep underground for thousand years or more, so they can exactly display the original language features; Abundance, those literature materials cover most estates, and the total vocabulary is more than 1 million; Highly colloquial, the social and economical literature also bears the characteristic of colloquialness, which can complement with the Dunhuang Bianwen.

作为近代汉语研究语料，敦煌、吐鲁番社会经济文献的价值在于：一、同时代性。文献大多数有确切的写作时间，为难得的&同时资料&。二、真实性。文献或封存于洞窟或者埋藏于地下一千多年，或更久远，能准确无误地反映当时语言的真实面貌。三、丰富性。文献来自各个阶层，文字数量在……百万字以上，能够从一个侧面反映当时的词汇面貌。四、口语性强。与敦煌变文一样，社会经济文献口语性也很突出。

After fully and profoundly surveying the popular literature in recent 20 years, the author demonstrates the characteristics of popular literature, some factors influencing it and the impetus of its change to the existing views on literature; the author also observes that the shift in the model of popular literature criticism and popular literature in itself have some affinity and irreconcilement with the literary field in and the society in transition.

详细在社会转型的背景下，中国文学发生了并继续发生着变迁。作为表征，大众文学在新时期以来蓬勃兴盛，成为文学领域中令人注目的场域。本文对当代近20年的大众文学进行深入全面的考察，试图探讨大众文学的特征，分析影响大众文学的一些因素，大众文学变迁对既有的文学观念的冲击，大众文学批评的模式转换以及大众文学与文学场同整个转型时期的社会场的同构和冲突的关系。

Before May 4~ new culture movement in Chinese literature world, the fact that Flaubert, a master in literature, was introduced in China, not only bridged the gap of lack of realism directly, but found "scientific spirit","true and aesthetic" in the period of May 4~ new literature. Whats more important, his appearance corrected the weaknesses of some Chinese, that is, thinking of literature as a way to amuse and observing the world unpractically, resulting in Chinese contemporary literature to develop and advance healthily and saving it in turn.

中国文坛在五四新文化运动前夕引进福楼拜这样一位特色鲜明的现实主义作家，不但直接填补了中国五四新文学时期现实主义的缺席，找回了这一时期中国文学中&科学&精神和&真与美&的缺失，更难能可贵的是，他的出现还校正了五四时期中国文坛以文学为游戏消遣和想当然不务实地观察弊病，使得中国现代文学能够沿着健康的方向前进和发展，从而&拯救&了中国现代文学。

Firstly, the Russian tendency of the national new culture and the third international activity in northeast region came to a decision that Modern Northeast Literature in its beginning was under the influence of Russian culture and literature profoundly. Since 1931 northeast was occupied by Japan, the center topic of occupied era northeast literature became exposing the violence of Japanese and emblazing people\'s striving and exploring the darkness of society bottom. In this case, the Soviets revolutionary literature which went through October revolution and expressed the similar conflict topic turned into the study model of northeast writers. The creations of northeast writers was under the influence of Soviets revolutionary literature deeply in the topic, conceive outline, the character building.

首先，全国新文化运动的俄苏倾向和东北地区第三国际共运活动的开展共同决定了东北新文学在其开端就受到俄苏文化和文学的积极而深远的影响。1931年东北沦陷后，揭露日伪统治者的暴行，颂扬人民的反抗斗争，探究社会底层的黑暗成为沦陷时期东北文学的中心主题，在这种情况下，经历了十月革命炮火洗礼、表现相似的斗争主题的苏俄革命文学就成为文学素养相对薄弱的东北作家的学习榜样，东北作家的创作在主题、构思、人物形象塑造等多方面都受到了苏俄革命文学的深刻影响。

Firstly, the Russian tendency of the national new culture and the third international activity in northeast region came to a decision that Modern Northeast Literature in its beginning was under the influence of Russian culture and literature profoundly. Since 1931 northeast was occupied by Japan, the center topic of occupied era northeast literature became exposing the violence of Japanese and emblazing peoples striving and exploring the darkness of society bottom. In this case, the Soviets revolutionary literature which went through October revolution and expressed the similar conflict topic turned into the study model of northeast writers. The creations of northeast writers was under the influence of Soviets revolutionary literature deeply in the topic, conceive outline, the character building.

首先，全国新文化运动的俄苏倾向和东北地区第三国际共运活动的开展共同决定了东北新文学在其开端就受到俄苏文化和文学的积极而深远的影响。1931年东北沦陷后，揭露日伪统治者的暴行，颂扬人民的反抗斗争，探究社会底层的黑暗成为沦陷时期东北文学的中心主题，在这种情况下，经历了十月革命炮火洗礼、表现相似的斗争主题的苏俄革命文学就成为文学素养相对薄弱的东北作家的学习榜样，东北作家的创作在主题、构思、人物形象塑造等多方面都受到了苏俄革命文学的深刻影响。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。