查询词典 legal

Universities have dual legal status in the relation of the administrative law. In the legal relation of the civil and criminal laws,universities have the status of the legal subjects concerned.

高等院校在行政法律关系中，具有行政法双重法律主体地位；在民事和刑事法律关系中，具有民事、刑事法律主体地位。

First,the mission of legal education can never be defined clearly along with the disconnection between legal education and the entrance requirement for being legal professionals.

第一，在法学教育与法律职业准入脱节的情况下，法学教育的使命不可能被清楚地界定。

In handling the cases,the judges select and build facts according to the law under the guidance of previous knowledge,sire legal texts its phrase meaning according to the facts of the case,and achieve the view of integration between the explainer and the text through the many cycles of context,text,facts of the case and legal texts,so that the meaning of legal texts has been continuously enriched and improved.

法官处理案件时在其前见的指引下根据法律规定选择、建构案件事实，根据案件事实赋予法律文本以语用意义，并且在语境和文本、案件事实和法律文本之间的多次循环往复中实现解释者和文本的视域融合。使法律文本的意义不断丰富和完善。

The CCPIT's legal service is one of the important functions of the CCPT/CCOIC, in pursuance of the consistent CCPIT/CCOIC purpose of promoting the development of China's foreign economic relations and trade, propelling the economic and technological cooperation between China and other countries and serving enterprises at home and abroad, the CCPIT Department of Legal Affairs has been submitting legislative proposals to the state legislative body and for improvement of international commercial rules on behalf of the business circle, providing advices for legal risk and precautions as well as sound solution of disputes for the international trade and investment and issuing authoritative certificates and support documents for international business, gaining wide acclaim from Chinese and foreign business communities for its fair-mindedness and authoritativeness.

中国贸促会法律服务作为中国贸促会/中国国际商会的重要职能之一，秉承我会促进中国对外经济贸易发展、促进中外经济技术合作、为国内外企业服务的一贯宗旨，代表商界为国家立法和国际商事规则的完善提供高质量立法建议，为国际贸易与投资提供法律风险防范意见和完善的纠纷解决方案，为国际商事交流出具权威性证书和证明文件，以其公正性和权威性在国内外商界树立了良好的形象，为我国对外经济贸易发展、加强国际交往做出了重要贡献。

Chapter 1 is a preface to introduce the motives of this paper research methods scope restriction and frame Chapter 2 will fist introduce the concept of database and then discuss the necessity of database protection in the creating methods and with or without originality This chapter will put emphasis on the importance of originality to database Chapter 3 will observe the British America and Germany's viewpoint of originality to discuss their legislative mode of database legal protection Chapter will introduce EU Directive/96/9/EC of database protection and four judges of EU Court after the Directive takes effect in 2004 to find how the ECJ use the Directive Then according to the DG Internal Market and Service Working Pater and BEUC's evaluation of the Directive this paper will find whether there is positive reaction and influence in database market after EU member countries take the same legislations with the Directive Section 5 will introduce the legislation of British and Germany following the Directive and analyze the development and questions of the two countries' current legislation Chapter 5 will start with Americas case Feist v Jane Doe to understand the case's influence to American legal protection of databases and introduce the Parliament's proposal after the EU Directive Chapter 6 will introduce Japan legislation regarding legal protection of database works and discuss the goodness and badness through Japan academy and judicial viewpoint Chapter 7 will introduce Taiwan's legislation to find whether current law provides enough and adequate protection to databases and discuss whether there is a necessity of amendment At last this paper will try to provide some suggestions about our legislation Chapter 8 is the conclusion of this paper

第二章首先介绍资料库之概念，并以建置方式与是否具原创性区分方式探讨资料库法律保护之必要性，而因著眼原创性对於资料库法律保护之重要性，便於第三章以比较法独立观察英、美、德国对原创性之观点，以接续探讨三国对资料库所采取之立法途径。第四章部份介绍欧盟资料库保护指令之相关规定，并就指令公布后，欧盟法院於2004年接续作出四个关於资料库保护之判决加以介绍，以期寻求欧盟法院如何运用指令规范中之构成要件，而后并参考欧盟委员会工作小组及消费者组织报告对欧体资料库指令之评估文献，探究欧盟各国采取与指令相同立法后，在资料库市场上是否有正面的回应及影响，并於第五节针对英、德两国跟进欧盟资料库保护指令立法之介绍，并归纳、检讨英、德两国之现行法制之发展与所面临之问题。第五章延续第三章、第四章论述后，进入美国1991年Feist案后，美国法院对国内资料库保护之后续见解，探究1991年Feist案对美国资料库保护之影响程度，同时并述美国於欧体公布资料库指令后国会提出之资料库立法草案。第六章则针对日本新增资料库著作之立法模式加以介绍，并藉由日本学界、实务之见解探讨该立法模式之优缺点，再於第七章进入我国法制之介绍，以观察我国目前之法制是否提供资料库充分的保护，探讨资料库立法之必要性，最后尝试提出我国立法模式之建议。第八章则为总结之论述。

The chapter gives analysis on the concept of mental damage and the concept, internal construction, function and characteristic of mental damage compensation. The author thinks that mental damage means mental pain or mental benefit incurrence which illegal behavior inflicts on civil subjects, the essence of mental damage is the demage to metal legal interest in civil subjects,civil rights and other civil legal rights; Mental damage compensation means legal liability in the form of property because illegal behavior inflicts mental pain or mental benefit incurrence on civil subjects.

第一章：精神损害赔偿涵义及功能的分析与认识本章分别就精神损害的内涵和精神损害赔偿的涵义、内在结构及功能、特征作了分析，笔者主张精神损害的内涵实质，就是对民事主体民事权利和其他合法民事权益中精神法益的损害，其最终表现形式或者说结果是精神痛苦和精神利益的丧失或减损。

This paper will discuss the question of anti-monopoly law's exempt in agricultural area as following: at first, the paper introduces the general theory on exemption from anti-monopoly law; then, this paper will introduce the legislations of United States and European Union on anti-monopoly law's exempt in agricultural area, review and analyze the history, and expound respective jurisdiction and policy; and then, the paper will concretely analyze the legal principle of anti-monopoly law's exempt in agricultural area; and then, it will discuss two concrete questions about system, including defining the concept of"involver"-----the person of legal relation of anti-monopoly law's exempt in agricultural area, and according to the legal frame of anti-monopoly law, the paper will analyze the legitimate action the agricultural cooperative organization; at last, this paper will advance some legislative suggestions about our national Anti-monopoly Act's exempt in agricultural area.

首先，介绍反垄断法豁免问题的一般理论；然后，介绍美国和欧盟在农业领域的反垄断法豁免的立法规定，回顾和分析其立法历史，阐述相关法理和政策考量；其次，具体分析农业领域反垄断法豁免采用的法律原则；再次，主要讨论两个具体制度问题，包括界定"参与人"概念——农业领域反垄断豁免的法律关系的主体，和根据反垄断法框架分析农业合作组织的合法行为；最后，为我国反垄断法农业领域豁免提出立法建议。

These works have diachronically represented the changing impact of legal works on contemporary legal studies over the years. They have also reflected the striking features of Chinese legal studies, such as their "inwardness","temporality", and "textbook style".

这些作品不仅历时性地体现了不同时期法学作品对当代中国法学的不同影响，而且从总体上反映了中国法学包括原创作品在内的突出的"内向型法学"、"时效性法学"、"教科书法学"的特点。

As a component of legal philosophy, Legal Aesthetics is in parallel with legal ethnics and isochronous with the emancipation of the human being: the care-free existence.

法美学是法哲学的一个组成部分，它与法律科学与法律伦理学并存，与人的全面解放——"自由自觉的存在"同步，是对人的审美性存在的一种肯定。

Lawyer, judge, magistrate, legal advocate, legal expert, legal clerk

律师，法官，文职人员，法治倡导者，法律专家，法律职员等。

More than five decades after the Indian constitution promises a casteless society, there is no sign that the castes are disappearing.

在印度宪法允诺一个&无种姓&社会五十多年后，种姓尚没有显示出任何要消失的迹象，但变化也确确实实地发生了。

Don't distract him from his studies.

他在学习不要打扰他。