查询词典 institutional

It mainly covers following items: administrative and institutional fees, funds and extra charges that are stipulated by laws and regulations; administrative and institutional fees approved by the State Council and provincial government and their financial and planning departments; funds and extra charges established by the State Council and the Ministry of Finance; funds turned over to competent departments by their subordinate institutions; self-raised and collected funds by township governments for their own expenditure; and other financial funds that are not covered in budgetary management.

其范围主要包括：法律、法规规定的行政事业性收费、基金和附加收入等；国务院或省级人民政府及其财政、计划部门审批的行政事业性收费；国务院及财政部审批建立的基金、附加收入等；主管部门所属单位集中上缴资金；用于乡镇政府开支的乡自筹及乡统筹资金；其他未纳入预算管理的财政性资金。

The regional advance gradually of the process of institutional transition lead to regional difference of institutional structure, from the regional structure, the speed of transition of the conditional planning system of inner-regional is slower, then the new market economy system is taking shape stagnantly, whereas the sea-side region contrary.

制度变量在区际间变化速率的不同引致各区域经济增长环境的差异，先行制度变迁的地区往往具有加速增长的趋势，这也是区域经济增长差异不断扩大的主要原因。要缩小和消除区际经济增长差异，只能通过加速改革以缩小区域经济转型速率的地区差异进而缩小区域经济增长环境的差异。

Through NTP and BTP production function, this paper econometrically analyzes the relationship between institutional change and agricultural growth in China. It shows that institutional change has prominently affected agricultural growth during 1988~2005 and tends to have a beneficial effect, and the institutionul change is in the direction which is useful for agricultural gowth.

内容提要采用中性技术进步和有偏技术进步生产函数对1988~2005年间我国农业制度变迁与农业增长的关系进行计量分析表明：农业制度变迁对1988~2005年间各阶段的农业增长影响显著，而且总体上制度变迁正朝着有利于农业增长的方向发展。

The results are consistent with the interpretation that positive intangible information tends to trigger institutional herding on the buy side.3. The securities Investment Funds act as momentum traders in bear market while as contrariant traders in bull market. Further analysis reveals that momentum trading by investment funds intensifies stock return momentum but stock price experiences a long-term reversal. It indicates return momentum results from mispricing instead of risk. The securities Investment Funds hamper market efficiency when they act as momentum traders.4 Both momentum trading and herding behavior intensify market anomalies and hamper market efficiency. However, momentum trading or herding behavior is the only one of the many aspects of the institutional investor.

第三，机构投资者的动量交易行为会加重了股票收益惯性，这一结论在分别控制股票规模、账面市值比因素后仍成立，并且机构投资者对股票的动量交易行为越强烈，股票收益的惯性也越明显，说明机构投资者具有影响股票价格的能力；进一步的分析表明，惯性利润在长期均实现反转，但反转的周期和程度受动量交易指标值的影响，股票动量交易程度越高，动量收益反转越强烈，反转周期越短，这表明机构投资者的动量交易行为使股价严重偏离其基础价值，在长期，股票价格不断调整逐渐靠近其基础价值，因此可以说，机构投资者对股票的动量交易行为会加重股票收益惯性和阻碍市场效率。

Therefore, with the aid of the analysis used in institutional economics, here is a first tentative to the constructive rational theory, formational mechanism, the institutional function and its change in the Islamic rites supposed as a social system.

本文力图运用制度经济学的分析工具，把伊斯兰仪式作为一种社会制度，分析伊斯兰仪式的建构理性，首次论证伊斯兰仪式的型构机制，指明伊斯兰仪式的制度功能与制度变迁。

That means, Chinese transition discovered a balance between gradualistic accumulation of institutional knowledge and explicit political design, which avoids many tensions of a purely constructivistic approach to institutional change.

这也就意味着，中国的转型是在制度认知方面渐进式量变跟外在的政治设计之间找到的平衡，从而避免了单纯追求建构式的制度改革所可能招致的许多紧张状态。

The Institution is the combination of different norms and regulations while institutional ethics is a kind of institutional arrangement of a series of norms and regulations made by coordinating the moralization of institutions and the institutionalization of morality.

制度是规则的集合，制度伦理则是制度的道德性与道德的制度化相协调的一系列规范和规则的制度安排。

This chapter, by using the theory of public interests of the government control, control-capture theory, the theoretical model of the government control, the minimum government control theory construed the basic contents covered by the government control, and discussed the interactivity and the nonnegligible effects of the government control and the industrial development model. Theses theories provide the convictive constructions to some practical economic problems that cannot be satisfactorily constructed by the traditional economic theories. Thus it makes possible for us to look on the reasons for control rules formulated by the government and some other institutional problems in the industrial evolvement, and analyze the costs of the government control and the restrictive factors and significances of the institutional changes whereof in a never-before-used angle.

第二章分别从政府管制的公共利益论、管制俘获理论、政府管制的理论模型、最小政府管制理论等方面解释了政府管制所涵盖的基本内容，探讨了政府管制与产业发展模式之间的的相互关联和不可忽视的影响，这些理论对许多传统的经济理论难于很好地解释的经济现实问题给予了具有说服力的解释，使我们能够以新的视角来看待产业演进中由政府建立管制规则的理由和其他一些制度问题，分析政府管制的成本及其制度变革的制约因素和意义。

But as a interest distributive mechanism, the unique characteristic of market is that it has the natural demand and ability to expand, and from which the charity organization resultantly derives as the third distributive mechanism in the same time, so that the interest distributive mechanism of government just have transitional characteristic on powerful control and functional domination relative to other mechanism, according to which it can be regarded as a mixture of imposed institutional change and induced institutional change.

同时，市场这种利益分配机制的独特之处在于，它具有自我扩展秩序的本质要求和能力，也同时会衍生出慈善组织这种第三次分配的机制出来，因而政府利益分配相对于其他利益分配机制在权力上的支配和功能上的主导也只具有过渡性，由此一种强制性制度变迁向一种诱致性制度变迁的转变就体现出来。

As the economic growth goes by, the institutional investors play a more important role than ever before. The institutional investing strategy to individual security becomes a significant referral to the general investors. Positive feedback trading is the most popular method which the institutions take their investing. It was introduced by Jegadeesh and Titman (1993) to use the underreaction of the investors to the news in the period of 3 to 12 months and get some profits by longing the past winners and shorting the past losers.

中文摘要随著台湾经济的发展和开放，机构法人在股票市场中扮演了举足轻重的地位，对於一般投资人而言，法人们的投资策略具有相当高的参考价值，正向回馈交易是由Jegadeesh and Titman (1993)藉由买进过去赢家并卖出过去输家所做得投资组合来获得报酬，但只考虑过去的累积报酬会否有较佳的收益呢？

I was just taking her hand, to help her out of a car, and I knew it.

我只是握着她的手，扶她下车，但我知道这一切。

China and South Korea have excoriated Japan over its approval of new school books which they say whitewash the atrocities committed during Japanese occupation, and anti-Japanese protests have been held in Chinese cities. The lingering bitterness over Japan's past imperialism still threatens to mar relations between the big East Asian powers

中国和韩国强烈谴责日本通过新的中学历史教科书，他们认为这一教科书掩盖了日本在其占领期间所犯下的残酷暴行，反日抗议活动在中国数座城市发生，历史上日本帝国主义制造的痛楚无法被忘却，这有可能破坏东亚强国间的关系。