查询词典 indoor

How to resolve the coupling problem between the air quality and the indoor thermal environment, especially how much fresh air can assure the indoor air quality, how to design control system to satisfy the need of fresh air, and how to track the change of the air quality in the civil air defence underground engineering at real time were studied thoroughly in this paper.

摘 要 本文就如何解决人防工程内空气品质和工程内热湿环境的耦合性问题进行一定研究，尤其对人防地下工程需要多少新风量才能满足工程内空气环境品质；如何设计控制系统以满足工程内的新风需求；如何实时跟踪工程内空气品质的变化进行了深入研究。

The main work and the originality points of this dissertation could be concluded as the following parts:(1) To analyze systematically the mathematical model of LES of air flow in great space, under the case of isothermal and non-isothermal, as well as the combined action of buoyancy and strain. Some basic problems are studied about the LES application into airflow simulation of great space, such as boundary conditions, spatial difference scheme and time advancing scheme, time step etc., which creates the basis for the LES application to indoor airflow simulation.(2) Both the instantaneous and time averaged flow field of great space with multiple jets under isothermal and non-isothermal cases are explored with large eddy simulation method, and also discussed the dynamic characteristics and the law of fluidflow in the great space.(3) Based on the results of LES of the great space and the Fanger thermal comfort indexes, it is brought forward the concept of the series of dynamic thermal comfort evaluating indexes, which could be divided into thermal comfort index with time averaged properties PD, PPD, PMV, thermal comfort index with instantaneous properties IPD, IPPD, IPMV, and time averaged thermal comfort indexes TAPD, TAPPD, TAPMV, and transient situations time averaged thermal comfort indexes TTAPD, TTAPPD, TTAPMV. The differences among them and the calculation methods are discussed, and the four kinds of indexes are calculated with the thermal comfort index PD as an example.(4) Based on the LES results it is discussed the hot air stratification phenomena in air-conditioned buildings in the case with air supply and return registers on the ceiling and the case on the sidewall. The fundamentals of the hot air stratification are studied and the relations of estimating hot air stratification are brought forward.(5) With the advanced apparatus such as hot wire film anemometer IFA300 and laser particle field anemoscope, corresponding model test and site measurements have been done, which are compared with the simulation results and LES is proved a very promising method in air flow simulation indoor.

本文主要工作既创新点体现在以下几个方面：(1)系统分析了等温、非等温和考虑剪切力与浮升力综合作用的高大空间大涡模拟数学模型，并研究了高大空间大涡模拟在室内气流仿真应用中的一些基本问题，如边界条件、空间离散格式和时间推进格式、时间步长选择等问题，为大涡模拟在室内气流计算中的广泛应用打下了基础；(2)首次用大涡模拟方法研究了高雷诺数下高大空间多射流在等温、非等温情况下的瞬时流场和时均流场分布，并探讨了多射流流场的动态特性和流动规律；(3)基于大涡模拟的动态仿真结果和Fanger的热舒适指标，首次系统地提出了动态热舒适评价指标体系的概念：即基于时间平均参数的热舒适指标PD、PPD、PMV；基于瞬时参数的瞬时热指标IPD、IPPD、IPMV；基于时间平均热舒适指标TAPD、TAPPD、TAPMV；以及沿行动迹线的时间平均热舒适指标TTAPD、TTAPPD、TTAPMV，并分析了四类热舒适指标的差异性和计算方法，还以PD值为例对四类指标分别进行了计算；(4)基于数十种工况下空调房间大涡模拟的结果，研究了空调建筑上送上回和侧送侧回两种情况下热分层现象，并探讨了热分层的基本规律，首次提出了避免热分层现象的判断公式；(5)在暖通空调领域，首次使用IFA300热线风速仪、激光粒子速度场仪等先进设备，完成了与大涡模拟相对应的模型试验，并把实测结果与仿真结果进行了对比，说明LES在室内气流仿真方面是一种很有前景的方法。

Ministry of justice and ministry of personnel (Grade II registered architect, supervision engineer, registered tax accountant, registered civil engineer, registered electrical engineer, registered lecturer, professor, attending physician, chief physician); ministry of health (licensed nurse, licensed physician, licensed Chinese medicine physician, licensed stomatology physician); ministry of construction ( budgeter , safety man, material scheduler, quality inspector, constructor); ministry of labor psychological counsel, optometrist, healthcare and massage master, e-business man, logistic engineer, international business documentation specialist, electrician, welder, electrical welder, household electrical appliance maintenance, cook, hair and beauty maker, nursery governess, vehicle repairer, digital control, machine repair fitter, grinder worker, graphic designer, image designer, indoor decoration designer, planner (advertisement, fine arts designer, environmental arts designer, nutritionist, massager , acupuncturist, pharmacist, Chinese medicine formulator and maker, glass fitter, cameraman, massage acupuncturists, enterprise information manager, enterprise trainer, professional manager, professional instructor, finance planner, hotel manager; ministry of education teacher qualification certificate, grown-up, self-taught examination and private run schools and universities; ministry of finance (assistant accountant, accountant, registered accountant, registered tax accountant, registered assets assessor, economic engineer; ministry of information industry (graphic designer, three-dimensional automation engineer, network administrator, network application engineer, office software application experts, computer assisted designer, indoor decoration designer) and others public affair servant, custom declarer, computer high-tech (OSTA programmer, plotter, electrician, welder, electrical welder, overhead operator with IC card operation permit.

司法部、人事部(二级注册建筑师、一级注册结构工程师、注册安全工程师、注册设备监理师、监理工程师、注册税务师、注册土木工程师、注册电气工程师、注册电气工程师、讲师、教授、主治医师、主任医师)；卫生部（执业护士、执业医师、执业中医师、执业口腔医师）、建设部（预算员、安全员、材料员、质检员、施工员）；劳动部（心理咨询师、验光师、保健按摩师、电子商务师、物流师、经营师、国际商务单证员、电工、焊工、电焊工、家电维修、厨师、美容美发师、厨师、保育员、汽车维修工、数控、机修钳工、磨床工、平面设计师、形象设计师、室内装饰设计师、策划师、美术设计师、环境艺术设计师、营养师、按摩师、针灸师、药剂师、中药调剂师、验光师、眼镜定配工、摄影师、推拿针灸师、企业信息管理师、企业培训师、职业经理人、职业指导师、理财规划师、酒店管理）、教育部（教师资格证、成教自考民办）；财政部（助理会计师、会计师、注册会计师、注册税务师、资产评估师、经济师）；信息产业部（平面设计师，三维动画工程师，网络管理员，网络应用工程师、办公软件应用专家、计算机辅助设计师、室内装饰设计师）及其它（公务员、报关员、单证员、计算机高新技术程序员、绘图员、操作员、电工、焊工、电焊工、高空作业等 IC 卡操作证等）。

Based on preliminary evaluations of the use of common indoor plants for indoor air purification and revitalization , ALCA joined NASA to fund a study using about a dozen popular varieties of ornamental plants to determine their effectiveness in removing several key pollutants associated with indoor air pollution .

基于对使用普通室内植物净化室内空气和再生新鲜空气的初步评估，美国园林产业联合会与美国国家航空航天局共同赞助了一项研究。

This machine use the dry and clean constringent air as energy、through airflow high-speed eject to make the grinder indoor be a grinding, classification round surface and be a pressure difference indoor then raw materials are automatically inhaled the indoor of grinder with the help of ultrasonic airflow what 4-16 spray head eject (producing the impacted energy E=1/2mv2), raw materials rotate at a high speed on the classification round surface and bring the litter store and make the raw materials granules hit and rub together to attain the supper fine materials.

本机组以干燥洁净的压缩空气为动力源，通过气流高速喷射，使粉碎室内形成一个粉碎、分级圆面，并在粉碎室内形成压力差，则物料自动吸入粉碎室，在4到16个喷头所喷出的超音速气流作用下（产生冲击能E=1/2mv2），物料在分级圆面上作高速通常在2-3马赫内，对于硬度低、脆性物料工作压力可低到0.6-0.7MPa。

And has brilliant prospect due to its simple structure, good economy and energy saving performance.Based on the full scale passive solar experimental building in DUT, in which the researcher carried experiment as the main method and the CFD simulation as the minor method, the research focuses on passive ventilation formed by the Trombe wall. This paper analyzed the indoor thermo and humidity performance of passive solar building with Trombe wall, and the different ventilation patterns in different seasons, revealing the role of passive ventilation in improving indoor environment. Also the paper researched the characteristics of passive ventilation on air flow and heat transfer mechanicsms, and put forward the best control and adjusting method. Meanwhile the paper gained an empiric formula in use of calculating the natural convection heat transfer and found the key factor of influing the indoor environment.

本研究以被动式采暖降温技术为依托，采用实验和CFD数值模拟的研究方法，重点研究了新型被动式太阳房在不同气候条件下室内热湿环境的动态变化规律，分析不同季节下被动式太阳房内不同的被动式通风模式以及不同被动式通风模式在改进室内热湿环境方面的作用：揭示了特定被动式通风流动和换热特性、控制与预测方法；得到了计算被动式通风对流换热量的经验公式以及影响室内热湿环境的关键因素；了解了含有特朗贝墙体被动式太阳房的自身优势和仍待改进的方面；在实体大被动式太阳房实验技术方面积累了一定的经验。

Based on a computing model of floor heating residences, indoor thermal environment and heat distribution under the effect of heat charge/discharge, operation control and solar radiation has been concluded. Concept and formula of equivalent heat supply has been put forward which indicate that actual heat supply will be equal to the sum of design heat supply and equivalent heat supply. Recommend coefficient has been given taken Dalian as an example. Computed according to the new method, design heat supply can be reduced to 37% in cloudy day and 43.3% in sunny day, energy saving effect is very obvious. In Tromb wall solar house, effect of concrete wall on indoor temperature swing and attenuation of temperature wave is very obvious. While the outdoor air-temperature swing exceeds 10℃, indoor air-temperature swing belows 3℃. In the experiment, maximal difference in temperature between inner surface and outer surface of the 300mm wall exceeded 10℃. Heat storage and collector efficiency varies adversely according to solar radiation. Factors such as thickness, material, absorptance of the wall and permeation of the glass cover all have big influence on heat storage and collector efficiency. There exsisted an optimal thickness of the wall, which can make the best of heat storage and collector efficiency. Most of the heat stored in conventional Trombe wall during the daytime has been lost to the outside at night without heat preservation. Heat preservation on the outside surface of the wall has effectively improved heat release performance of the wall at night, heat supply to the room has increased too.

通过建立的地板采暖系统动态热性能分析模型，得出了在蓄放热特性、运行方式和太阳辐射等因素耦合作用下的室内热环境及热量分配比例，提出了等效供热量的概念及计算公式，指出实际所需供热量应等于设计供热量加上等效供热量，并以大连为例，给出了等效供热量的修正系数，以新方法计算，阴天可减少设计供热量37％，晴天最大可以减少设计供热量43.3％，节能效果显著；集热蓄热墙式太阳房中，混凝土蓄热墙的室温均一化效果和对温度波的削减作用非常明显，当室外温度波动最大幅度超过10℃时，室温波幅不超过3℃，实验中300mm厚墙体内外表面温差超过10℃；墙体蓄热效率与集热效率随太阳辐射照度的变化呈相反的变化趋势；墙体厚度、材料、表面吸收率以及盖板透过率等因素对集热和蓄热效率均有较大的影响，存在一个最佳的墙体厚度值，使得墙体集热和蓄热综合性能最优；传统的蓄热墙夜间没有外保温，辐射散热损失很大，研究表明墙体外保温方式明显改善了蓄热墙夜间的散热性能，增加了向室内的供热量。

With consider of characteristic of indoor Pollution and influence of the health of human body by excessive pollutive factor value.under the foundation of environmental quality evaluation technique, apply the concept of the indoor air evalation of quality to pollute the comprehensive evaluation index of factor, reflect the influence of indoor air contaminant for the health of human body.

考虑到室内环境空气污染的特点和超标的污染因子值对人体健康的影响作用，在环境质量评价方法的基础上，应用室内空气综合质量评价的概念，以污染因子的综合评价指数反映室内空气污染物对人体健康的影响程度。

Through the survey: 90% of indoor dust from shoe soles and tire into the rotation, thus causing indoor pollution, and must now, more and more people are aware of indoor cleaning, clean, but the essential function of the entrance of dust.

通过调查显示：室内灰尘90%是由鞋底和转动的轮胎带入的，从而造成室内环境污染，绝现在，越来越多的人意识到了室内清洁，干净，然而门厅的除尘功能必不可少。

And the possible reasons for high indoor VOC levels are due to the low air exchange rates between the indoor and outdoor environment as a result of tight-shut windows and the increasing use of humidifiers to keep the indoor air moist.

如此高浓度挥发性有机物水平的原因很可能在于使内外空气环境不流通，窗户关得紧紧的，增湿器使得室内空气潮湿。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。